Indoor and Ambient Air Pollution in Chennai, India during COVID-19 Lockdown: An Affordable Sensors Study
Abstract The Tamil Nadu Air Pollution and Health Effects study (TAPHE-2) aims to evaluate the relationship between air pollution and birth outcome in a rural-urban cohort of 300 pregnant women. Due to COVID-19 related lockdowns, some TAPHE-2 activities were delayed; however, continuous indoor and ou...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Springer
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Aerosol and Air Quality Research |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.210170 |
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| author | Naveen Puttaswamy V. Sreekanth Ajay Pillarisetti Adithi R. Upadhya Sudhakar Saidam Balachandar Veerappan Krishnendu Mukhopadhyay Sankar Sambandam Ronak Sutaria Kalpana Balakrishnan |
| author_facet | Naveen Puttaswamy V. Sreekanth Ajay Pillarisetti Adithi R. Upadhya Sudhakar Saidam Balachandar Veerappan Krishnendu Mukhopadhyay Sankar Sambandam Ronak Sutaria Kalpana Balakrishnan |
| author_sort | Naveen Puttaswamy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The Tamil Nadu Air Pollution and Health Effects study (TAPHE-2) aims to evaluate the relationship between air pollution and birth outcome in a rural-urban cohort of 300 pregnant women. Due to COVID-19 related lockdowns, some TAPHE-2 activities were delayed; however, continuous indoor and outdoor air quality data were collected in and around Chennai, India. We report here the impact of graded COVID-19 lockdown on indoor particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) levels based on calibrated data from affordable real-time PM sensors called atmos™ and ambient PM levels from publicly available regulatory monitors. The study period was between 11 March and 30 June 2020 (i.e., 100 days of continuous monitoring), which coincided with four phases of a nationwide graded lockdown. Field calibration coefficients for the atmos PM were derived by collocating them with reference-grade PM monitors. The normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) of the atmos hourly PM2.5 (PM10) improved from 41% to 15% (33% to 18%) after applying the field calibration coefficients. Lockdowns resulted in significant reductions in indoor and ambient PM levels, with the highest reduction observed during lockdown phase 2 (L2) and phase 3 (L3). Reductions as high as 70%, 91%, and 62% were observed in ambient PM2.5, indoor PM2.5, and indoor PM10 relative to pre-lockdown levels (PL), respectively. The indoor PM2.5/PM10 ratio decreased during the lockdown, suggesting a decline in the fine mode dominance in PM10. The indoor-to-outdoor (I/O) ratios in PM2.5 marginally increased during L1, L2, and L3 phases compared to that of PL levels, suggesting an uneven reduction in indoor and ambient PM2.5 levels during the lockdown. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-06b0096d082c43ae83ad987ad26e45fb |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1680-8584 2071-1409 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Aerosol and Air Quality Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-06b0096d082c43ae83ad987ad26e45fb2025-02-09T12:17:48ZengSpringerAerosol and Air Quality Research1680-85842071-14092021-12-0122111210.4209/aaqr.210170Indoor and Ambient Air Pollution in Chennai, India during COVID-19 Lockdown: An Affordable Sensors StudyNaveen Puttaswamy0V. Sreekanth1Ajay Pillarisetti2Adithi R. Upadhya3Sudhakar Saidam4Balachandar Veerappan5Krishnendu Mukhopadhyay6Sankar Sambandam7Ronak Sutaria8Kalpana Balakrishnan9Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and ResearchCenter for Study of Science, Technology and PolicyGangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory UniversityILK LabsDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and ResearchDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and ResearchDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and ResearchDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and ResearchRespirer Living Sciences Private LimitedDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and ResearchAbstract The Tamil Nadu Air Pollution and Health Effects study (TAPHE-2) aims to evaluate the relationship between air pollution and birth outcome in a rural-urban cohort of 300 pregnant women. Due to COVID-19 related lockdowns, some TAPHE-2 activities were delayed; however, continuous indoor and outdoor air quality data were collected in and around Chennai, India. We report here the impact of graded COVID-19 lockdown on indoor particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) levels based on calibrated data from affordable real-time PM sensors called atmos™ and ambient PM levels from publicly available regulatory monitors. The study period was between 11 March and 30 June 2020 (i.e., 100 days of continuous monitoring), which coincided with four phases of a nationwide graded lockdown. Field calibration coefficients for the atmos PM were derived by collocating them with reference-grade PM monitors. The normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) of the atmos hourly PM2.5 (PM10) improved from 41% to 15% (33% to 18%) after applying the field calibration coefficients. Lockdowns resulted in significant reductions in indoor and ambient PM levels, with the highest reduction observed during lockdown phase 2 (L2) and phase 3 (L3). Reductions as high as 70%, 91%, and 62% were observed in ambient PM2.5, indoor PM2.5, and indoor PM10 relative to pre-lockdown levels (PL), respectively. The indoor PM2.5/PM10 ratio decreased during the lockdown, suggesting a decline in the fine mode dominance in PM10. The indoor-to-outdoor (I/O) ratios in PM2.5 marginally increased during L1, L2, and L3 phases compared to that of PL levels, suggesting an uneven reduction in indoor and ambient PM2.5 levels during the lockdown.https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.210170Optical scatteringPM2.5PM10Beta Attenuation MonitorIndoor to outdoor ratio |
| spellingShingle | Naveen Puttaswamy V. Sreekanth Ajay Pillarisetti Adithi R. Upadhya Sudhakar Saidam Balachandar Veerappan Krishnendu Mukhopadhyay Sankar Sambandam Ronak Sutaria Kalpana Balakrishnan Indoor and Ambient Air Pollution in Chennai, India during COVID-19 Lockdown: An Affordable Sensors Study Aerosol and Air Quality Research Optical scattering PM2.5 PM10 Beta Attenuation Monitor Indoor to outdoor ratio |
| title | Indoor and Ambient Air Pollution in Chennai, India during COVID-19 Lockdown: An Affordable Sensors Study |
| title_full | Indoor and Ambient Air Pollution in Chennai, India during COVID-19 Lockdown: An Affordable Sensors Study |
| title_fullStr | Indoor and Ambient Air Pollution in Chennai, India during COVID-19 Lockdown: An Affordable Sensors Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Indoor and Ambient Air Pollution in Chennai, India during COVID-19 Lockdown: An Affordable Sensors Study |
| title_short | Indoor and Ambient Air Pollution in Chennai, India during COVID-19 Lockdown: An Affordable Sensors Study |
| title_sort | indoor and ambient air pollution in chennai india during covid 19 lockdown an affordable sensors study |
| topic | Optical scattering PM2.5 PM10 Beta Attenuation Monitor Indoor to outdoor ratio |
| url | https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.210170 |
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