Trans fatty acids and saturated fatty acids in margarines and spreads in Kazakhstan: Study period 2015–2021
Oil and other fat rich products such as some processed foods can contain unhealthy amounts of trans fatty acids (TFA) and saturated fatty acids (SFA). Diets rich in TFA have been linked to coronary artery disease. It is necessary to quantify and police the type of fat in foods to assess its risk. Fo...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Food Chemistry: X |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590157525000938 |
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| author | Kainaubek Toshtay Ali Auyezov Seitkhan Azat Rosa Busquets |
| author_facet | Kainaubek Toshtay Ali Auyezov Seitkhan Azat Rosa Busquets |
| author_sort | Kainaubek Toshtay |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Oil and other fat rich products such as some processed foods can contain unhealthy amounts of trans fatty acids (TFA) and saturated fatty acids (SFA). Diets rich in TFA have been linked to coronary artery disease. It is necessary to quantify and police the type of fat in foods to assess its risk. For the first time, this study quantifies the TFA content in margarines and spreads sold in the Kazakhstan markets in the period from 2015 to 2021. Fatty acid composition, and importantly TFA levels, were determined in 6 brands of margarines and 5 brands of spreads used in the food industry and by consumers directly in 2015–2017, and in 23 brands of margarines and 23 brands of spreads from 2018 to 2021. The study margarines and spreads had 20.0 ± 0.02 % TFA on average until 2018. In contrast, in the period 2018–2021, the TFA average content was 14.2 ± 0.06 % in margarines, and 10.6 ± 0.05 % in spreads, which is still 7.4 and 6 times higher than the regulatory requirements of the Customs Union (Kazakhstan, Russia, Belarus, Kyrgyzstan) and the EU, respectively. The strong cause effect between TFA and cardiovascular diseases urges Kazakhstan and other countries to reduce TFA in commercial products. It also encourages research and implementation of technical measures to provide healthy food products that effectively comply with national and international regulations regarding TFA content. The aim of the study was to analyze changes in the quality of solid fat products produced in Kazakhstan over time, particularly after the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union came into effect on January 1, 2018. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0e49866fd1824dffa527191d533de31f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2590-1575 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Food Chemistry: X |
| spelling | doaj-art-0e49866fd1824dffa527191d533de31f2025-02-12T05:32:43ZengElsevierFood Chemistry: X2590-15752025-01-0125102246Trans fatty acids and saturated fatty acids in margarines and spreads in Kazakhstan: Study period 2015–2021Kainaubek Toshtay0Ali Auyezov1Seitkhan Azat2Rosa Busquets3Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Avenue 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; Corresponding authors.Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Avenue 71, Almaty 050040, KazakhstanSatbayev University, Satbayev 22, Almaty 050000, KazakhstanAl-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Avenue 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; Satbayev University, Satbayev 22, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan; School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Kingston Upon Thames KT1 2EE, UK; Corresponding authors.Oil and other fat rich products such as some processed foods can contain unhealthy amounts of trans fatty acids (TFA) and saturated fatty acids (SFA). Diets rich in TFA have been linked to coronary artery disease. It is necessary to quantify and police the type of fat in foods to assess its risk. For the first time, this study quantifies the TFA content in margarines and spreads sold in the Kazakhstan markets in the period from 2015 to 2021. Fatty acid composition, and importantly TFA levels, were determined in 6 brands of margarines and 5 brands of spreads used in the food industry and by consumers directly in 2015–2017, and in 23 brands of margarines and 23 brands of spreads from 2018 to 2021. The study margarines and spreads had 20.0 ± 0.02 % TFA on average until 2018. In contrast, in the period 2018–2021, the TFA average content was 14.2 ± 0.06 % in margarines, and 10.6 ± 0.05 % in spreads, which is still 7.4 and 6 times higher than the regulatory requirements of the Customs Union (Kazakhstan, Russia, Belarus, Kyrgyzstan) and the EU, respectively. The strong cause effect between TFA and cardiovascular diseases urges Kazakhstan and other countries to reduce TFA in commercial products. It also encourages research and implementation of technical measures to provide healthy food products that effectively comply with national and international regulations regarding TFA content. The aim of the study was to analyze changes in the quality of solid fat products produced in Kazakhstan over time, particularly after the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union came into effect on January 1, 2018.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590157525000938Trans isomerMonounsaturated fatty acidsPolyunsaturated fatty acidsSaturated fatty acidsAtherogenic indexThrombogenic index |
| spellingShingle | Kainaubek Toshtay Ali Auyezov Seitkhan Azat Rosa Busquets Trans fatty acids and saturated fatty acids in margarines and spreads in Kazakhstan: Study period 2015–2021 Food Chemistry: X Trans isomer Monounsaturated fatty acids Polyunsaturated fatty acids Saturated fatty acids Atherogenic index Thrombogenic index |
| title | Trans fatty acids and saturated fatty acids in margarines and spreads in Kazakhstan: Study period 2015–2021 |
| title_full | Trans fatty acids and saturated fatty acids in margarines and spreads in Kazakhstan: Study period 2015–2021 |
| title_fullStr | Trans fatty acids and saturated fatty acids in margarines and spreads in Kazakhstan: Study period 2015–2021 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Trans fatty acids and saturated fatty acids in margarines and spreads in Kazakhstan: Study period 2015–2021 |
| title_short | Trans fatty acids and saturated fatty acids in margarines and spreads in Kazakhstan: Study period 2015–2021 |
| title_sort | trans fatty acids and saturated fatty acids in margarines and spreads in kazakhstan study period 2015 2021 |
| topic | Trans isomer Monounsaturated fatty acids Polyunsaturated fatty acids Saturated fatty acids Atherogenic index Thrombogenic index |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590157525000938 |
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