Climatological Atlas of Temperature and Salinity for the Northeast Asian Seas
Abstract This study describes a monthly Atlas for the Northeast Asian Seas 2023 (ANAS23) with a 1/10° horizontal resolution and 73 vertical levels. For ANAS23, over 1.6 million hydrographic profiles were analyzed, utilizing a simple kriging interpolation technique, which considers data density and t...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Scientific Data |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-04543-6 |
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| author | Yong Sun Kim Soo-Hyun Seok Jae-Ho Lee Sung-Dae Kim |
| author_facet | Yong Sun Kim Soo-Hyun Seok Jae-Ho Lee Sung-Dae Kim |
| author_sort | Yong Sun Kim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract This study describes a monthly Atlas for the Northeast Asian Seas 2023 (ANAS23) with a 1/10° horizontal resolution and 73 vertical levels. For ANAS23, over 1.6 million hydrographic profiles were analyzed, utilizing a simple kriging interpolation technique, which considers data density and their covariance at each grid point, along with a profile stabilizing method to minimize damage to water-mass structures. Comparison of ANAS23 with previously published atlases, repeated sectional observations, and satellite-based geostrophic current fields reveals that the ANAS23 provides reliable descriptions of the spatial distribution of water masses, currents, thermohaline fronts, and mesoscale eddies while avoiding spike-shape noises, vertical instabilities, and artificial waters, particularly over large-topographic features. The ANAS23 could be utilized as a baseline to assess the dynamic state of climatological mean fields and their changes under evolving climates. The fact that uncertainty among atlases is still apparent, particularly in a region of scarce observations, calls for a collaborative international effort to collect qualified hydrographic observations for a better-performing regional atlas, thus improving predictive skills for future climate. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-11ecac5a20424249acec42fd9be60fe0 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2052-4463 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Data |
| spelling | doaj-art-11ecac5a20424249acec42fd9be60fe02025-02-09T12:11:25ZengNature PortfolioScientific Data2052-44632025-02-0112111510.1038/s41597-025-04543-6Climatological Atlas of Temperature and Salinity for the Northeast Asian SeasYong Sun Kim0Soo-Hyun Seok1Jae-Ho Lee2Sung-Dae Kim3Ocean Circulation and Climate Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and TechnologyClimate Services and Research Division, APEC Climate CenterOcean Circulation and Climate Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and TechnologyOcean Circulation and Climate Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and TechnologyAbstract This study describes a monthly Atlas for the Northeast Asian Seas 2023 (ANAS23) with a 1/10° horizontal resolution and 73 vertical levels. For ANAS23, over 1.6 million hydrographic profiles were analyzed, utilizing a simple kriging interpolation technique, which considers data density and their covariance at each grid point, along with a profile stabilizing method to minimize damage to water-mass structures. Comparison of ANAS23 with previously published atlases, repeated sectional observations, and satellite-based geostrophic current fields reveals that the ANAS23 provides reliable descriptions of the spatial distribution of water masses, currents, thermohaline fronts, and mesoscale eddies while avoiding spike-shape noises, vertical instabilities, and artificial waters, particularly over large-topographic features. The ANAS23 could be utilized as a baseline to assess the dynamic state of climatological mean fields and their changes under evolving climates. The fact that uncertainty among atlases is still apparent, particularly in a region of scarce observations, calls for a collaborative international effort to collect qualified hydrographic observations for a better-performing regional atlas, thus improving predictive skills for future climate.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-04543-6 |
| spellingShingle | Yong Sun Kim Soo-Hyun Seok Jae-Ho Lee Sung-Dae Kim Climatological Atlas of Temperature and Salinity for the Northeast Asian Seas Scientific Data |
| title | Climatological Atlas of Temperature and Salinity for the Northeast Asian Seas |
| title_full | Climatological Atlas of Temperature and Salinity for the Northeast Asian Seas |
| title_fullStr | Climatological Atlas of Temperature and Salinity for the Northeast Asian Seas |
| title_full_unstemmed | Climatological Atlas of Temperature and Salinity for the Northeast Asian Seas |
| title_short | Climatological Atlas of Temperature and Salinity for the Northeast Asian Seas |
| title_sort | climatological atlas of temperature and salinity for the northeast asian seas |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-04543-6 |
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