Pregnancy Loss Was Associated With the Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases in Middle-Aged Women: Evidence From the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study
Objectives: Significant associations between pregnancy loss and risk of future maternal cardiovascular disease (CVD) have been found in Western countries, but the association in China is still unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the associations of pregnancy loss, number of pregnancy...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Ubiquity Press
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Global Heart |
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| Online Access: | https://account.globalheartjournal.com/index.php/up-j-gh/article/view/1386 |
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| author | Xiaoyan Yang Qingling Fan Can Shen Ruirui Hou Ruoling Chen Jiaqian Yin Huifeng Xiang Yunxia Cao Xiaoqing Peng |
| author_facet | Xiaoyan Yang Qingling Fan Can Shen Ruirui Hou Ruoling Chen Jiaqian Yin Huifeng Xiang Yunxia Cao Xiaoqing Peng |
| author_sort | Xiaoyan Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objectives: Significant associations between pregnancy loss and risk of future maternal cardiovascular disease (CVD) have been found in Western countries, but the association in China is still unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the associations of pregnancy loss, number of pregnancy losses, subtype of pregnancy loss (i.e. induced abortion, miscarriage and stillbirth) and age at the first pregnancy loss with CVD risk in Chinese population. Methods: We examined data of 7,486 middle-aged women (mean age 58.1 years) from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Pregnancy loss and CVD including coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke were self-reported and documented in surveys. Results: In the cohort, 1,850 (24.7%) women experienced pregnancy loss. Over 39 years follow-up, 2,055 (27.5%) women developed CVD. After adjusting covariates, pregnancy loss was associated with the risk of CVD (HR 1.73, 95% CI 1.56 to 1.92). Specifically, pregnancy loss due to induced abortion and miscarriage instead of stillbirth increased CVD (HR 2.11, 95% CI 1.82 to 2.44, and 1.47, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.72, respectively). The risk of CVD gradually increased from ≤23 years to 23–25, 26–29 and ≥30 years with HR 1.29, 95% CI 1.24 to 1.34. Conclusion: Chinese women that have experienced pregnancy loss due to induced abortion and miscarriage had increased risk of CVD. The risk increased with the number of pregnancy losses and older age at the first pregnancy loss. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-15c016df4e944e1ea3f9c76e3ae81e1a |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2211-8179 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Ubiquity Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Global Heart |
| spelling | doaj-art-15c016df4e944e1ea3f9c76e3ae81e1a2025-02-11T05:32:45ZengUbiquity PressGlobal Heart2211-81792025-01-012011110.5334/gh.13861367Pregnancy Loss Was Associated With the Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases in Middle-Aged Women: Evidence From the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal StudyXiaoyan Yang0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1958-9623Qingling Fan1Can Shen2Ruirui Hou3Ruoling Chen4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3033-8753Jiaqian Yin5https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4218-6774Huifeng Xiang6https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8097-052XYunxia Cao7Xiaoqing Peng8Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Hefei, AnhuiDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Hefei, AnhuiDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Hefei, AnhuiSchool of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, AnhuiFaculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, WolverhamptonDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, CN; Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, WolverhamptonDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Hefei, AnhuiDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Hefei, AnhuiSchool of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, AnhuiObjectives: Significant associations between pregnancy loss and risk of future maternal cardiovascular disease (CVD) have been found in Western countries, but the association in China is still unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the associations of pregnancy loss, number of pregnancy losses, subtype of pregnancy loss (i.e. induced abortion, miscarriage and stillbirth) and age at the first pregnancy loss with CVD risk in Chinese population. Methods: We examined data of 7,486 middle-aged women (mean age 58.1 years) from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Pregnancy loss and CVD including coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke were self-reported and documented in surveys. Results: In the cohort, 1,850 (24.7%) women experienced pregnancy loss. Over 39 years follow-up, 2,055 (27.5%) women developed CVD. After adjusting covariates, pregnancy loss was associated with the risk of CVD (HR 1.73, 95% CI 1.56 to 1.92). Specifically, pregnancy loss due to induced abortion and miscarriage instead of stillbirth increased CVD (HR 2.11, 95% CI 1.82 to 2.44, and 1.47, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.72, respectively). The risk of CVD gradually increased from ≤23 years to 23–25, 26–29 and ≥30 years with HR 1.29, 95% CI 1.24 to 1.34. Conclusion: Chinese women that have experienced pregnancy loss due to induced abortion and miscarriage had increased risk of CVD. The risk increased with the number of pregnancy losses and older age at the first pregnancy loss.https://account.globalheartjournal.com/index.php/up-j-gh/article/view/1386induced abortionmiscarriagecoronary heart diseasestrokereproductive health |
| spellingShingle | Xiaoyan Yang Qingling Fan Can Shen Ruirui Hou Ruoling Chen Jiaqian Yin Huifeng Xiang Yunxia Cao Xiaoqing Peng Pregnancy Loss Was Associated With the Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases in Middle-Aged Women: Evidence From the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study Global Heart induced abortion miscarriage coronary heart disease stroke reproductive health |
| title | Pregnancy Loss Was Associated With the Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases in Middle-Aged Women: Evidence From the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study |
| title_full | Pregnancy Loss Was Associated With the Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases in Middle-Aged Women: Evidence From the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study |
| title_fullStr | Pregnancy Loss Was Associated With the Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases in Middle-Aged Women: Evidence From the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pregnancy Loss Was Associated With the Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases in Middle-Aged Women: Evidence From the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study |
| title_short | Pregnancy Loss Was Associated With the Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases in Middle-Aged Women: Evidence From the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study |
| title_sort | pregnancy loss was associated with the increased risk of cardiovascular diseases in middle aged women evidence from the china health and retirement longitudinal study |
| topic | induced abortion miscarriage coronary heart disease stroke reproductive health |
| url | https://account.globalheartjournal.com/index.php/up-j-gh/article/view/1386 |
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