Mechanism of modified mRNA structure in COVID-19 vaccines for inducing neutralizing antibodies
The development of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines is closely linked to advancements in mRNA manufacturing technology. Structural modifications, such as replacing uridine with 1-methylpseudouridine (1mψ), enhance translation efficiency and help the mRNA evade immune detection. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) s...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Indonesian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
2024-10-01
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| Series: | Acta Biochimica Indonesiana |
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| Online Access: | https://pbbmi.org/newjurnal/index.php/actabioina/article/view/121 |
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| author | Sabighoh Zanjabila Beti Ernawati Dewi |
| author_facet | Sabighoh Zanjabila Beti Ernawati Dewi |
| author_sort | Sabighoh Zanjabila |
| collection | DOAJ |
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The development of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines is closely linked to advancements in mRNA manufacturing technology. Structural modifications, such as replacing uridine with 1-methylpseudouridine (1mψ), enhance translation efficiency and help the mRNA evade immune detection. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) serve as an effective delivery system. Vaccines like BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 target the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike (S) protein, prompting B cells to produce neutralizing antibodies that block the RBD from binding to the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, preventing infection. These vaccines also stimulate adaptive immune responses by activating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, with mRNA functioning as an endogenous antigen. Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) present the vaccine antigens via major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II pathways, with CD8+ T cells recognizing MHC class I and destroying infected cells, while CD4+ T cells recognize MHC class II and assist in B cell maturation and antibody production. While mRNA vaccines have proven effective in neutralizing SARS-CoV-2, challenges remain, including the decline in neutralizing antibody titers over time and the emergence of new viral variants.
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-15f342acb2c144958b019d9b26fbcb20 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2654-6108 2654-3222 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | Indonesian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Acta Biochimica Indonesiana |
| spelling | doaj-art-15f342acb2c144958b019d9b26fbcb202025-02-08T03:04:44ZengIndonesian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyActa Biochimica Indonesiana2654-61082654-32222024-10-017210.32889/actabioina.121Mechanism of modified mRNA structure in COVID-19 vaccines for inducing neutralizing antibodiesSabighoh Zanjabila0Beti Ernawati Dewi1Master Program in Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, IndonesiaDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia The development of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines is closely linked to advancements in mRNA manufacturing technology. Structural modifications, such as replacing uridine with 1-methylpseudouridine (1mψ), enhance translation efficiency and help the mRNA evade immune detection. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) serve as an effective delivery system. Vaccines like BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 target the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike (S) protein, prompting B cells to produce neutralizing antibodies that block the RBD from binding to the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, preventing infection. These vaccines also stimulate adaptive immune responses by activating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, with mRNA functioning as an endogenous antigen. Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) present the vaccine antigens via major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II pathways, with CD8+ T cells recognizing MHC class I and destroying infected cells, while CD4+ T cells recognize MHC class II and assist in B cell maturation and antibody production. While mRNA vaccines have proven effective in neutralizing SARS-CoV-2, challenges remain, including the decline in neutralizing antibody titers over time and the emergence of new viral variants. https://pbbmi.org/newjurnal/index.php/actabioina/article/view/121mRNA vaccineneutralizing antibodySARS-CoV-2 |
| spellingShingle | Sabighoh Zanjabila Beti Ernawati Dewi Mechanism of modified mRNA structure in COVID-19 vaccines for inducing neutralizing antibodies Acta Biochimica Indonesiana mRNA vaccine neutralizing antibody SARS-CoV-2 |
| title | Mechanism of modified mRNA structure in COVID-19 vaccines for inducing neutralizing antibodies |
| title_full | Mechanism of modified mRNA structure in COVID-19 vaccines for inducing neutralizing antibodies |
| title_fullStr | Mechanism of modified mRNA structure in COVID-19 vaccines for inducing neutralizing antibodies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mechanism of modified mRNA structure in COVID-19 vaccines for inducing neutralizing antibodies |
| title_short | Mechanism of modified mRNA structure in COVID-19 vaccines for inducing neutralizing antibodies |
| title_sort | mechanism of modified mrna structure in covid 19 vaccines for inducing neutralizing antibodies |
| topic | mRNA vaccine neutralizing antibody SARS-CoV-2 |
| url | https://pbbmi.org/newjurnal/index.php/actabioina/article/view/121 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sabighohzanjabila mechanismofmodifiedmrnastructureincovid19vaccinesforinducingneutralizingantibodies AT betiernawatidewi mechanismofmodifiedmrnastructureincovid19vaccinesforinducingneutralizingantibodies |