Unignorable Emissions and Potential Health Effects of Unregulated Pollutants from Nonroad Engines Using Greener Fuels — A Review
Abstract Nonroad mobile machinery such as construction equipment, agricultural machinery, ships, and generators emit significant pollutants. Countries worldwide have implemented stringent emission regulations targeting pollutants like CO, HC, NOx, and PM. However, these machines also emit unregulate...
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| Format: | Article |
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Springer
2024-07-01
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| Series: | Aerosol and Air Quality Research |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.240074 |
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| author | Lulu Duan Yu-Lun Hsieh Sheng-Lun Lin Wan Nurdiyana Wan Mansor Muhammad Isyhraff Azhan Bin Mansor Hyojun Lee Chien-Er Huang How-Ran Chao Mengjie Song Minseop Song |
| author_facet | Lulu Duan Yu-Lun Hsieh Sheng-Lun Lin Wan Nurdiyana Wan Mansor Muhammad Isyhraff Azhan Bin Mansor Hyojun Lee Chien-Er Huang How-Ran Chao Mengjie Song Minseop Song |
| author_sort | Lulu Duan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Nonroad mobile machinery such as construction equipment, agricultural machinery, ships, and generators emit significant pollutants. Countries worldwide have implemented stringent emission regulations targeting pollutants like CO, HC, NOx, and PM. However, these machines also emit unregulated pollutants such as PAHs, VOCs, POPs, and metals, which severely impact human health and the atmosphere. A key strategy to reduce these emissions is using green fuels, including biodiesel, oxygenated fuels, metal additives, hydrogen, and ammonia. This paper analyzes the impact of these fuels on non-road machinery emissions of unregulated pollutants. Results indicate that green fuels can reduce some harmful emissions but may increase others. Biodiesel and oxygenated fuels significantly reduce PAHs and soot emissions, but their effect on VOCs varies with fuel type and engine load. Metal additive fuels effectively reduce EC/OC, smoke, and particle number emissions but may increase total PAHs and BaPeq emissions. Currently, research on using metal additive fuels, hydrogen, and ammonia in generators is limited, focusing mainly on biodiesel and oxygenated fuels. Similarly, studies on unregulated emissions from ships using clean fuels are scarce. Most research concentrates on PAHs, PN, and EC/OC emissions, with less focus on POPs, N2O, VOCs, and metal components. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1c39ebc6fb124285b4c347fa44159456 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1680-8584 2071-1409 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-07-01 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Aerosol and Air Quality Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-1c39ebc6fb124285b4c347fa441594562025-02-09T12:24:38ZengSpringerAerosol and Air Quality Research1680-85842071-14092024-07-0124912710.4209/aaqr.240074Unignorable Emissions and Potential Health Effects of Unregulated Pollutants from Nonroad Engines Using Greener Fuels — A ReviewLulu Duan0Yu-Lun Hsieh1Sheng-Lun Lin2Wan Nurdiyana Wan Mansor3Muhammad Isyhraff Azhan Bin Mansor4Hyojun Lee5Chien-Er Huang6How-Ran Chao7Mengjie Song8Minseop Song9School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of TechnologyDepartment of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung UniversityDepartment of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung UniversityFaculty of Ocean Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia TerengganuFaculty of Ocean Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia TerengganuDepartment of Nuclear Engineering, Hanyang UniversityCenter for Environmental Toxin and Emerging-contaminant Research, Cheng Shiu UniversityDepartment of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and TechnologySchool of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of TechnologyDepartment of Nuclear Engineering, Hanyang UniversityAbstract Nonroad mobile machinery such as construction equipment, agricultural machinery, ships, and generators emit significant pollutants. Countries worldwide have implemented stringent emission regulations targeting pollutants like CO, HC, NOx, and PM. However, these machines also emit unregulated pollutants such as PAHs, VOCs, POPs, and metals, which severely impact human health and the atmosphere. A key strategy to reduce these emissions is using green fuels, including biodiesel, oxygenated fuels, metal additives, hydrogen, and ammonia. This paper analyzes the impact of these fuels on non-road machinery emissions of unregulated pollutants. Results indicate that green fuels can reduce some harmful emissions but may increase others. Biodiesel and oxygenated fuels significantly reduce PAHs and soot emissions, but their effect on VOCs varies with fuel type and engine load. Metal additive fuels effectively reduce EC/OC, smoke, and particle number emissions but may increase total PAHs and BaPeq emissions. Currently, research on using metal additive fuels, hydrogen, and ammonia in generators is limited, focusing mainly on biodiesel and oxygenated fuels. Similarly, studies on unregulated emissions from ships using clean fuels are scarce. Most research concentrates on PAHs, PN, and EC/OC emissions, with less focus on POPs, N2O, VOCs, and metal components.https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.240074Nonroad engineOxygenated fuelsMetal additive fuelsGreener fuelUnregulated pollutants |
| spellingShingle | Lulu Duan Yu-Lun Hsieh Sheng-Lun Lin Wan Nurdiyana Wan Mansor Muhammad Isyhraff Azhan Bin Mansor Hyojun Lee Chien-Er Huang How-Ran Chao Mengjie Song Minseop Song Unignorable Emissions and Potential Health Effects of Unregulated Pollutants from Nonroad Engines Using Greener Fuels — A Review Aerosol and Air Quality Research Nonroad engine Oxygenated fuels Metal additive fuels Greener fuel Unregulated pollutants |
| title | Unignorable Emissions and Potential Health Effects of Unregulated Pollutants from Nonroad Engines Using Greener Fuels — A Review |
| title_full | Unignorable Emissions and Potential Health Effects of Unregulated Pollutants from Nonroad Engines Using Greener Fuels — A Review |
| title_fullStr | Unignorable Emissions and Potential Health Effects of Unregulated Pollutants from Nonroad Engines Using Greener Fuels — A Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Unignorable Emissions and Potential Health Effects of Unregulated Pollutants from Nonroad Engines Using Greener Fuels — A Review |
| title_short | Unignorable Emissions and Potential Health Effects of Unregulated Pollutants from Nonroad Engines Using Greener Fuels — A Review |
| title_sort | unignorable emissions and potential health effects of unregulated pollutants from nonroad engines using greener fuels a review |
| topic | Nonroad engine Oxygenated fuels Metal additive fuels Greener fuel Unregulated pollutants |
| url | https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.240074 |
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