Impact of Dietary Intake and Cardiorespiratory Fitness on Glycemic Variability in Adolescents: An Observational Study
Background: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), estimated by maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max) during exercise, is worsening among adolescents and associated with a decline in metabolic health into adulthood. Glycemic patterns may provide a mechanism between CRF and health. Objectives: This study as...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2025-02-01
|
| Series: | Current Developments in Nutrition |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S247529912500006X |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1825206849167687680 |
|---|---|
| author | Mingliang Ge Stephanie R Lebby Shivani Chowkwale Caleb Harrison Grace M Palmer Keith J Loud Diane Gilbert-Diamond Mary Ellen Vajravelu Jennifer L Meijer |
| author_facet | Mingliang Ge Stephanie R Lebby Shivani Chowkwale Caleb Harrison Grace M Palmer Keith J Loud Diane Gilbert-Diamond Mary Ellen Vajravelu Jennifer L Meijer |
| author_sort | Mingliang Ge |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), estimated by maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max) during exercise, is worsening among adolescents and associated with a decline in metabolic health into adulthood. Glycemic patterns may provide a mechanism between CRF and health. Objectives: This study assessed the feasibility of measuring glycemic patterns using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in adolescents, aged 14–22 y, to estimate the relationship between VO2 max and glucose patterns. Methods: Healthy adolescents (n = 30) were recruited for a treadmill VO2 max test and to complete the following activities for 7–10 d: 1) wear a Dexcom G6 CGM, 2) complete ≥3 24-h dietary recalls, and 3) complete 1 at-home oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT, 75 g glucose). Glycemic patterns were extracted as mean glucose, the coefficient of variance, the mean amplitude of glycemic excursions, and the mean of daily differences. The 2-h glucose responses to the OGTT and individual meals were extracted. Statistical analyses evaluated the relationship between VO2 max and 1) overall glycemic patterns and 2) the maximum glucose level and AUC response to OGTT and meals, stratified by sex. Results: Participant feasibility demonstrated that 90% completed CGM data (n = 27), 87% ≥7 d of CGM data (n = 26), 97% attempted OGTT (n = 29), and 93% completed ≥3 dietary recalls (n = 28). Most participants had normal BMI (70%) with an even distribution of sex (44% male). Males exhibited an inverse relationship between VO2 max and overall mean glucose (ß= –7.7, P = 0.04). Males demonstrated an inverse relationship between VO2 max and 1) maximum glucose (ß = –29, P = 0.006) and AUC (ß = –2702, P = 0.001) in response to the OGTT and 2) AUC (ß = –1293, P = 0.03) in response to meals. No association was observed between VO2 max and glucose patterns in females. Conclusions: A sex-specific relationship between VO2 max and glycemic patterns was observed, suggesting a unique metabolic capacity during late adolescence by sex.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT05845827. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1c4b8140b0f347a8a683f3eb65305adc |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2475-2991 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Current Developments in Nutrition |
| spelling | doaj-art-1c4b8140b0f347a8a683f3eb65305adc2025-02-07T04:48:01ZengElsevierCurrent Developments in Nutrition2475-29912025-02-0192104547Impact of Dietary Intake and Cardiorespiratory Fitness on Glycemic Variability in Adolescents: An Observational StudyMingliang Ge0Stephanie R Lebby1Shivani Chowkwale2Caleb Harrison3Grace M Palmer4Keith J Loud5Diane Gilbert-Diamond6Mary Ellen Vajravelu7Jennifer L Meijer8Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United StatesSection of Obesity Medicine, Center for Digestive Health, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United StatesSection of Obesity Medicine, Center for Digestive Health, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United StatesCenter for Pediatric Research in Obesity and Metabolism and Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United StatesSection of Obesity Medicine, Center for Digestive Health, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United StatesDepartment of Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United StatesDepartment of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States; Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United StatesCenter for Pediatric Research in Obesity and Metabolism and Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United StatesDepartment of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States; Section of Obesity Medicine, Center for Digestive Health, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States; Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States; Corresponding author.Background: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), estimated by maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max) during exercise, is worsening among adolescents and associated with a decline in metabolic health into adulthood. Glycemic patterns may provide a mechanism between CRF and health. Objectives: This study assessed the feasibility of measuring glycemic patterns using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in adolescents, aged 14–22 y, to estimate the relationship between VO2 max and glucose patterns. Methods: Healthy adolescents (n = 30) were recruited for a treadmill VO2 max test and to complete the following activities for 7–10 d: 1) wear a Dexcom G6 CGM, 2) complete ≥3 24-h dietary recalls, and 3) complete 1 at-home oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT, 75 g glucose). Glycemic patterns were extracted as mean glucose, the coefficient of variance, the mean amplitude of glycemic excursions, and the mean of daily differences. The 2-h glucose responses to the OGTT and individual meals were extracted. Statistical analyses evaluated the relationship between VO2 max and 1) overall glycemic patterns and 2) the maximum glucose level and AUC response to OGTT and meals, stratified by sex. Results: Participant feasibility demonstrated that 90% completed CGM data (n = 27), 87% ≥7 d of CGM data (n = 26), 97% attempted OGTT (n = 29), and 93% completed ≥3 dietary recalls (n = 28). Most participants had normal BMI (70%) with an even distribution of sex (44% male). Males exhibited an inverse relationship between VO2 max and overall mean glucose (ß= –7.7, P = 0.04). Males demonstrated an inverse relationship between VO2 max and 1) maximum glucose (ß = –29, P = 0.006) and AUC (ß = –2702, P = 0.001) in response to the OGTT and 2) AUC (ß = –1293, P = 0.03) in response to meals. No association was observed between VO2 max and glucose patterns in females. Conclusions: A sex-specific relationship between VO2 max and glycemic patterns was observed, suggesting a unique metabolic capacity during late adolescence by sex.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT05845827.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S247529912500006Xcontinuous glucose monitoring24-h dietary recallsacute responseadolescentsmaximum oxygen consumptionphysical activity |
| spellingShingle | Mingliang Ge Stephanie R Lebby Shivani Chowkwale Caleb Harrison Grace M Palmer Keith J Loud Diane Gilbert-Diamond Mary Ellen Vajravelu Jennifer L Meijer Impact of Dietary Intake and Cardiorespiratory Fitness on Glycemic Variability in Adolescents: An Observational Study Current Developments in Nutrition continuous glucose monitoring 24-h dietary recalls acute response adolescents maximum oxygen consumption physical activity |
| title | Impact of Dietary Intake and Cardiorespiratory Fitness on Glycemic Variability in Adolescents: An Observational Study |
| title_full | Impact of Dietary Intake and Cardiorespiratory Fitness on Glycemic Variability in Adolescents: An Observational Study |
| title_fullStr | Impact of Dietary Intake and Cardiorespiratory Fitness on Glycemic Variability in Adolescents: An Observational Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of Dietary Intake and Cardiorespiratory Fitness on Glycemic Variability in Adolescents: An Observational Study |
| title_short | Impact of Dietary Intake and Cardiorespiratory Fitness on Glycemic Variability in Adolescents: An Observational Study |
| title_sort | impact of dietary intake and cardiorespiratory fitness on glycemic variability in adolescents an observational study |
| topic | continuous glucose monitoring 24-h dietary recalls acute response adolescents maximum oxygen consumption physical activity |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S247529912500006X |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mingliangge impactofdietaryintakeandcardiorespiratoryfitnessonglycemicvariabilityinadolescentsanobservationalstudy AT stephanierlebby impactofdietaryintakeandcardiorespiratoryfitnessonglycemicvariabilityinadolescentsanobservationalstudy AT shivanichowkwale impactofdietaryintakeandcardiorespiratoryfitnessonglycemicvariabilityinadolescentsanobservationalstudy AT calebharrison impactofdietaryintakeandcardiorespiratoryfitnessonglycemicvariabilityinadolescentsanobservationalstudy AT gracempalmer impactofdietaryintakeandcardiorespiratoryfitnessonglycemicvariabilityinadolescentsanobservationalstudy AT keithjloud impactofdietaryintakeandcardiorespiratoryfitnessonglycemicvariabilityinadolescentsanobservationalstudy AT dianegilbertdiamond impactofdietaryintakeandcardiorespiratoryfitnessonglycemicvariabilityinadolescentsanobservationalstudy AT maryellenvajravelu impactofdietaryintakeandcardiorespiratoryfitnessonglycemicvariabilityinadolescentsanobservationalstudy AT jenniferlmeijer impactofdietaryintakeandcardiorespiratoryfitnessonglycemicvariabilityinadolescentsanobservationalstudy |