CH3OH Thermal Lines Traces 6.7 GHz CH3OH Maser Variation of High-mass Protostar G353.273+0.641
This study reports an analysis of the 6.7 GHz CH _3 OH maser in the high-mass protostar G353.273+0.641 (G353), utilizing data from the Tianma Radio Telescope. G353 is a possibly periodic variation in the flux density of the maser with a period of ∼330 days. Our analysis of Atacama Large Millimeter/s...
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IOP Publishing
2025-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ada4a8 |
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| author | Shi-Min Song Xi Chen Sheng-Yuan Liu Jun-Ting Liu |
| author_facet | Shi-Min Song Xi Chen Sheng-Yuan Liu Jun-Ting Liu |
| author_sort | Shi-Min Song |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study reports an analysis of the 6.7 GHz CH _3 OH maser in the high-mass protostar G353.273+0.641 (G353), utilizing data from the Tianma Radio Telescope. G353 is a possibly periodic variation in the flux density of the maser with a period of ∼330 days. Our analysis of Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array archival data identified 44 CH _3 OH transitions within the gas envelope surrounding the protostar. The CH _3 OH envelope exhibited non–local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) conditions during the increase phase of the flux density of the maser, then transitioning to LTE ( T ∼ 380 K) during the decay phase of the maser. This phenomenon is likely attributed to the recurrent heating of the protostellar envelope through heat waves, which are generated by the periodic luminosity oscillations of the central high-mass protostar. The propagation velocity of the heat wave is gauged to be ∼0.02 c . These results emphasize the significance of integrating the variations in 6.7 GHz CH _3 OH masers with their surrounding circumstellar environments to advance our comprehension of high-mass star formation mechanisms. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2e257f2748e2436bb6d4241b0e11cfd1 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
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| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-2e257f2748e2436bb6d4241b0e11cfd12025-02-08T05:40:23ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572025-01-01980113210.3847/1538-4357/ada4a8CH3OH Thermal Lines Traces 6.7 GHz CH3OH Maser Variation of High-mass Protostar G353.273+0.641Shi-Min Song0Xi Chen1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5435-925XSheng-Yuan Liu2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4603-7119Jun-Ting Liu3https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1831-9527Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University , Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China ; [email protected] for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University , Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China ; [email protected]; Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 80 Nandan Road, Shanghai 200030, People’s Republic of ChinaInstitute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica , 11F of ASMAB, AS/NTU No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, TaiwanCenter for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University , Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China ; [email protected] study reports an analysis of the 6.7 GHz CH _3 OH maser in the high-mass protostar G353.273+0.641 (G353), utilizing data from the Tianma Radio Telescope. G353 is a possibly periodic variation in the flux density of the maser with a period of ∼330 days. Our analysis of Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array archival data identified 44 CH _3 OH transitions within the gas envelope surrounding the protostar. The CH _3 OH envelope exhibited non–local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) conditions during the increase phase of the flux density of the maser, then transitioning to LTE ( T ∼ 380 K) during the decay phase of the maser. This phenomenon is likely attributed to the recurrent heating of the protostellar envelope through heat waves, which are generated by the periodic luminosity oscillations of the central high-mass protostar. The propagation velocity of the heat wave is gauged to be ∼0.02 c . These results emphasize the significance of integrating the variations in 6.7 GHz CH _3 OH masers with their surrounding circumstellar environments to advance our comprehension of high-mass star formation mechanisms.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ada4a8Circumstellar masersMassive starsProtostarsInterstellar thermal emission |
| spellingShingle | Shi-Min Song Xi Chen Sheng-Yuan Liu Jun-Ting Liu CH3OH Thermal Lines Traces 6.7 GHz CH3OH Maser Variation of High-mass Protostar G353.273+0.641 The Astrophysical Journal Circumstellar masers Massive stars Protostars Interstellar thermal emission |
| title | CH3OH Thermal Lines Traces 6.7 GHz CH3OH Maser Variation of High-mass Protostar G353.273+0.641 |
| title_full | CH3OH Thermal Lines Traces 6.7 GHz CH3OH Maser Variation of High-mass Protostar G353.273+0.641 |
| title_fullStr | CH3OH Thermal Lines Traces 6.7 GHz CH3OH Maser Variation of High-mass Protostar G353.273+0.641 |
| title_full_unstemmed | CH3OH Thermal Lines Traces 6.7 GHz CH3OH Maser Variation of High-mass Protostar G353.273+0.641 |
| title_short | CH3OH Thermal Lines Traces 6.7 GHz CH3OH Maser Variation of High-mass Protostar G353.273+0.641 |
| title_sort | ch3oh thermal lines traces 6 7 ghz ch3oh maser variation of high mass protostar g353 273 0 641 |
| topic | Circumstellar masers Massive stars Protostars Interstellar thermal emission |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ada4a8 |
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