Comprehensive epidemiological evaluation of ruminant brucellosis and associated risk factors in some Egyptian Governorates
Background and Aim: Brucellosis contributes to significant economic losses due to abortion, weak newborns, infertility, and up to 20% reductions in milk yield in carrier animals. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of ruminant brucellosis in six Egyptian governorates. This study aimed to est...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Veterinary World
2025-12-01
|
| Series: | Veterinary World |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.17/December-2024/9.pdf |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1823863748385832960 |
|---|---|
| author | Nesreen Allam Tantawy Allam Mahinour Ezzeldin Abdelsalam Hend I. Elsharkawy Mai Mohamed Kandil Amany Mohamed Mohamed Mohamed Fatma Ali Mohamed A. Gebely Safaa Y. Nour Doaa Sedky Mona Ebrahim Hussien Abd El-Gawad Hoda M. Zaki Nazek Al-Gallas Amal M. Aboelmaaty Mona Mohamed Sobhy Nagwa Sayed Ata Marwa Salah Abdel-Hamid Ghada A. Badawy |
| author_facet | Nesreen Allam Tantawy Allam Mahinour Ezzeldin Abdelsalam Hend I. Elsharkawy Mai Mohamed Kandil Amany Mohamed Mohamed Mohamed Fatma Ali Mohamed A. Gebely Safaa Y. Nour Doaa Sedky Mona Ebrahim Hussien Abd El-Gawad Hoda M. Zaki Nazek Al-Gallas Amal M. Aboelmaaty Mona Mohamed Sobhy Nagwa Sayed Ata Marwa Salah Abdel-Hamid Ghada A. Badawy |
| author_sort | Nesreen Allam Tantawy Allam |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background and Aim: Brucellosis contributes to significant economic losses due to abortion, weak newborns, infertility, and up to 20% reductions in milk yield in carrier animals. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of ruminant brucellosis in six Egyptian governorates. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of ruminant brucellosis and evaluate the risk factors regarding the epidemiological status, highlighting the importance of early carrier detection for the success of control programs.
Materials and Methods: A total of 3000 ruminants were investigated. Blood and serum samples were collected for routine hemato-biochemical analysis (complete blood picture and metabolic panel). In addition, genotoxicity analysis was performed, whereas tissue samples were collected for histopathological analysis. The buffered acidified plate antigen test (BAPAT), Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT), and complement fixation test (CFT) were used for serological diagnosis of brucellosis. The obtained bacterial colonies were typed using Brucella abortus-, melitensis-, ovis-, and suis-polymerase chain reaction (AMOS-PCR), depending on the variability of the IS711 fragment among Brucella spp. Serum trace elements, oxidative stress, and acute phase proteins were compared according to body condition score (BCS) and clinical condition images within the study population.
Results: Mastitis and abortion were the key recorded symptoms (9.966%, 299/3000 and 6%, 180/3000, respectively); however, symptomless individuals were predominant (82.9%, 2487/3000). Blood lymphocytosis was prominent even in asymptomatic animals. Nutritional and food conversion conditions were defined as low, moderate, or high BCS. Brucella overall seropositivity by BAPAT, RBPT, and CFT was 6.1% (182/3000), 5.6% (168/3000), and 5.1% (154/3000) in ruminant species within the included governorates, respectively. Upon diagnosis, 154 seropositive cases developed 93 bacterial isolates and a 731-bp PCR fragment whose sequences confirmed Brucella melitensis biovar 3. Serum metabolic and biochemical profiles, acute phase proteins, trace elements, and oxidative stress concentrations were indicative of loss of functionality in the liver and kidneys, malnutrition and malabsorption syndrome, and DNA damage, particularly in the low-BCS groups (p < 0.0001). Granulomatous lesions were most prominent in the lymph nodes, spleen, uterus, and udder of the dams, while placental multifocal necrosis with thrombosis was recorded in aborted fetuses. There were 8 types of chromosomal aberrations detected in peripheral white blood cells. The highest frequency was for dicentric aberrations 0.025% (25/1000), whereas the lowest 0.009% (9/1000) was for acentric, ring, fusion, and polyploidy. The difference between species was significant for BCS; 14.2% in low-BCS cattle and camels and 8.4% in high-BCS buffaloes.
Conclusion: B. melitensis biovar 3 is prevalent in Egypt. Mixed-rearing systems are the main risk factors for interspecies transmission among ruminants. The difficulty in accurately diagnosing all infected animals, particularly carriers, is a major limitation of eradication and control programs. Different biomarkers could be indicators and/or sensors for performance and/or infectivity conditions in animal herds; however, they require further optimization. Early detection using molecular technologies, highly descriptive, quantitative, sensitive, and specific methods, as alternatives to serological diagnosis (CFT, BAPAT, and RBT), is urgently needed to enhance the efficiency of brucellosis-specific prophylaxis. Such a comprehensive procedure is the World Organization for Animal Health dependent decision. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2ea70a5ceecc4c07998030a50f571a4d |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0972-8988 2231-0916 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-12-01 |
| publisher | Veterinary World |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Veterinary World |
| spelling | doaj-art-2ea70a5ceecc4c07998030a50f571a4d2025-02-09T10:54:42ZengVeterinary WorldVeterinary World0972-89882231-09162025-12-0117122780279610.14202/vetworld.2024.2780-2796Comprehensive epidemiological evaluation of ruminant brucellosis and associated risk factors in some Egyptian GovernoratesNesreen Allam Tantawy Allam0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6102-0801Mahinour Ezzeldin Abdelsalam1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2845-7083Hend I. Elsharkawy2https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8805-9425Mai Mohamed Kandil3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5416-1681Amany Mohamed Mohamed Mohamed4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9100-0414Fatma Ali5https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3226-4994Mohamed A. Gebely6https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3127-2781Safaa Y. Nour7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7643-5516Doaa Sedky8https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3919-2727Mona Ebrahim Hussien Abd El-Gawad9https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8267-8859Hoda M. Zaki10https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9752-1627Nazek Al-Gallas11https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4773-0575Amal M. Aboelmaaty12https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8466-6130Mona Mohamed Sobhy13https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3731-3276Nagwa Sayed Ata14https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3477-5002Marwa Salah Abdel-Hamid15https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1677-8055Ghada A. Badawy16https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4851-6095Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth Street, Dokki, P.O. Box: 12622, Cairo, Egypt.Department of General Biology, Center of Basic Sciences, Misr University for Science and Technology, Al Motamayez District, 6th of October, Giza, Egypt.Brucella Reference Laboratory, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 264-Giza, Cairo, 12618, Egypt.Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth Street, Dokki, P.O. Box: 12622, Cairo, Egypt.Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth Street, Dokki, P.O. Box: 12622, Cairo, Egypt.Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Egypt.Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth Street, Dokki, P.O. Box: 12622, Cairo, Egypt.Animal Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Egypt.Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth Street, Dokki, P.O. Box: 12622, Cairo, Egypt.Cytogenetics and Animal Cell Culture Lab., National Gene Bank, Agriculture Research Center, 9 Gamaa Street, Giza, Cairo, Egypt.Brucella Reference Laboratory, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 264-Giza, Cairo, 12618, Egypt.Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hafr Al-Batin, P.O. Box: 1803, Hafr Al-Batin, 31991, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Water and Food Control Lab., National Center of Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio, E. coli-Enteropathogens, Institute Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis.Department of Reproduction, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth Street, Dokki, P.O. Box: 12622, Cairo, Egypt.Department of Reproductive Diseases, Animal Reproduction Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Al-Haram, Giza, Egypt.Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth Street, Dokki, P.O. Box: 12622, Cairo, Egypt.Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City.Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, El-Fayoum University, Fayoum, 63514, Egypt; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Umluj 46429, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.Background and Aim: Brucellosis contributes to significant economic losses due to abortion, weak newborns, infertility, and up to 20% reductions in milk yield in carrier animals. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of ruminant brucellosis in six Egyptian governorates. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of ruminant brucellosis and evaluate the risk factors regarding the epidemiological status, highlighting the importance of early carrier detection for the success of control programs. Materials and Methods: A total of 3000 ruminants were investigated. Blood and serum samples were collected for routine hemato-biochemical analysis (complete blood picture and metabolic panel). In addition, genotoxicity analysis was performed, whereas tissue samples were collected for histopathological analysis. The buffered acidified plate antigen test (BAPAT), Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT), and complement fixation test (CFT) were used for serological diagnosis of brucellosis. The obtained bacterial colonies were typed using Brucella abortus-, melitensis-, ovis-, and suis-polymerase chain reaction (AMOS-PCR), depending on the variability of the IS711 fragment among Brucella spp. Serum trace elements, oxidative stress, and acute phase proteins were compared according to body condition score (BCS) and clinical condition images within the study population. Results: Mastitis and abortion were the key recorded symptoms (9.966%, 299/3000 and 6%, 180/3000, respectively); however, symptomless individuals were predominant (82.9%, 2487/3000). Blood lymphocytosis was prominent even in asymptomatic animals. Nutritional and food conversion conditions were defined as low, moderate, or high BCS. Brucella overall seropositivity by BAPAT, RBPT, and CFT was 6.1% (182/3000), 5.6% (168/3000), and 5.1% (154/3000) in ruminant species within the included governorates, respectively. Upon diagnosis, 154 seropositive cases developed 93 bacterial isolates and a 731-bp PCR fragment whose sequences confirmed Brucella melitensis biovar 3. Serum metabolic and biochemical profiles, acute phase proteins, trace elements, and oxidative stress concentrations were indicative of loss of functionality in the liver and kidneys, malnutrition and malabsorption syndrome, and DNA damage, particularly in the low-BCS groups (p < 0.0001). Granulomatous lesions were most prominent in the lymph nodes, spleen, uterus, and udder of the dams, while placental multifocal necrosis with thrombosis was recorded in aborted fetuses. There were 8 types of chromosomal aberrations detected in peripheral white blood cells. The highest frequency was for dicentric aberrations 0.025% (25/1000), whereas the lowest 0.009% (9/1000) was for acentric, ring, fusion, and polyploidy. The difference between species was significant for BCS; 14.2% in low-BCS cattle and camels and 8.4% in high-BCS buffaloes. Conclusion: B. melitensis biovar 3 is prevalent in Egypt. Mixed-rearing systems are the main risk factors for interspecies transmission among ruminants. The difficulty in accurately diagnosing all infected animals, particularly carriers, is a major limitation of eradication and control programs. Different biomarkers could be indicators and/or sensors for performance and/or infectivity conditions in animal herds; however, they require further optimization. Early detection using molecular technologies, highly descriptive, quantitative, sensitive, and specific methods, as alternatives to serological diagnosis (CFT, BAPAT, and RBT), is urgently needed to enhance the efficiency of brucellosis-specific prophylaxis. Such a comprehensive procedure is the World Organization for Animal Health dependent decision.https://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.17/December-2024/9.pdfabortionacute phase proteinsamos-pcrbody condition scorebrucella melitensisegyptgenotoxicitymastitisoxidative stressprevalencetrace elements |
| spellingShingle | Nesreen Allam Tantawy Allam Mahinour Ezzeldin Abdelsalam Hend I. Elsharkawy Mai Mohamed Kandil Amany Mohamed Mohamed Mohamed Fatma Ali Mohamed A. Gebely Safaa Y. Nour Doaa Sedky Mona Ebrahim Hussien Abd El-Gawad Hoda M. Zaki Nazek Al-Gallas Amal M. Aboelmaaty Mona Mohamed Sobhy Nagwa Sayed Ata Marwa Salah Abdel-Hamid Ghada A. Badawy Comprehensive epidemiological evaluation of ruminant brucellosis and associated risk factors in some Egyptian Governorates Veterinary World abortion acute phase proteins amos-pcr body condition score brucella melitensis egypt genotoxicity mastitis oxidative stress prevalence trace elements |
| title | Comprehensive epidemiological evaluation of ruminant brucellosis and associated risk factors in some Egyptian Governorates |
| title_full | Comprehensive epidemiological evaluation of ruminant brucellosis and associated risk factors in some Egyptian Governorates |
| title_fullStr | Comprehensive epidemiological evaluation of ruminant brucellosis and associated risk factors in some Egyptian Governorates |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comprehensive epidemiological evaluation of ruminant brucellosis and associated risk factors in some Egyptian Governorates |
| title_short | Comprehensive epidemiological evaluation of ruminant brucellosis and associated risk factors in some Egyptian Governorates |
| title_sort | comprehensive epidemiological evaluation of ruminant brucellosis and associated risk factors in some egyptian governorates |
| topic | abortion acute phase proteins amos-pcr body condition score brucella melitensis egypt genotoxicity mastitis oxidative stress prevalence trace elements |
| url | https://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.17/December-2024/9.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT nesreenallamtantawyallam comprehensiveepidemiologicalevaluationofruminantbrucellosisandassociatedriskfactorsinsomeegyptiangovernorates AT mahinourezzeldinabdelsalam comprehensiveepidemiologicalevaluationofruminantbrucellosisandassociatedriskfactorsinsomeegyptiangovernorates AT hendielsharkawy comprehensiveepidemiologicalevaluationofruminantbrucellosisandassociatedriskfactorsinsomeegyptiangovernorates AT maimohamedkandil comprehensiveepidemiologicalevaluationofruminantbrucellosisandassociatedriskfactorsinsomeegyptiangovernorates AT amanymohamedmohamedmohamed comprehensiveepidemiologicalevaluationofruminantbrucellosisandassociatedriskfactorsinsomeegyptiangovernorates AT fatmaali comprehensiveepidemiologicalevaluationofruminantbrucellosisandassociatedriskfactorsinsomeegyptiangovernorates AT mohamedagebely comprehensiveepidemiologicalevaluationofruminantbrucellosisandassociatedriskfactorsinsomeegyptiangovernorates AT safaaynour comprehensiveepidemiologicalevaluationofruminantbrucellosisandassociatedriskfactorsinsomeegyptiangovernorates AT doaasedky comprehensiveepidemiologicalevaluationofruminantbrucellosisandassociatedriskfactorsinsomeegyptiangovernorates AT monaebrahimhussienabdelgawad comprehensiveepidemiologicalevaluationofruminantbrucellosisandassociatedriskfactorsinsomeegyptiangovernorates AT hodamzaki comprehensiveepidemiologicalevaluationofruminantbrucellosisandassociatedriskfactorsinsomeegyptiangovernorates AT nazekalgallas comprehensiveepidemiologicalevaluationofruminantbrucellosisandassociatedriskfactorsinsomeegyptiangovernorates AT amalmaboelmaaty comprehensiveepidemiologicalevaluationofruminantbrucellosisandassociatedriskfactorsinsomeegyptiangovernorates AT monamohamedsobhy comprehensiveepidemiologicalevaluationofruminantbrucellosisandassociatedriskfactorsinsomeegyptiangovernorates AT nagwasayedata comprehensiveepidemiologicalevaluationofruminantbrucellosisandassociatedriskfactorsinsomeegyptiangovernorates AT marwasalahabdelhamid comprehensiveepidemiologicalevaluationofruminantbrucellosisandassociatedriskfactorsinsomeegyptiangovernorates AT ghadaabadawy comprehensiveepidemiologicalevaluationofruminantbrucellosisandassociatedriskfactorsinsomeegyptiangovernorates |