RETRACTED: Individual and Interactive Ecophysiological Effect of Temperature, Watering Regime and Abscisic Acid on the Growth and Development of Tomato Seedlings
Climate change is a major concern to people all over the world. Most studies have considered singular or dual effects of climate change implications on plant growth and development; however, the combination of multiple factors has received little attention. We therefore studied the single and combin...
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/3/930 |
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| author | Taghleb Al-Deeb Mohammad Abo Gamar Sabah Khaleel Abdul Latief Al-Ghzawi Wesam Al Khateeb Mohammad Jawarneh Mohammad Y. Jahmani Omar Al-Zoubi Talaat Habeeb |
| author_facet | Taghleb Al-Deeb Mohammad Abo Gamar Sabah Khaleel Abdul Latief Al-Ghzawi Wesam Al Khateeb Mohammad Jawarneh Mohammad Y. Jahmani Omar Al-Zoubi Talaat Habeeb |
| author_sort | Taghleb Al-Deeb |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Climate change is a major concern to people all over the world. Most studies have considered singular or dual effects of climate change implications on plant growth and development; however, the combination of multiple factors has received little attention. We therefore studied the single and combined effects of two environmental stress factors (high temperature and water stresses) and abscisic acid on tomato seedlings (<i>Solanum lycoperscum</i> L.). Plants were grown in controlled environment growth chambers under two temperatures (22/18 °C or 28/24 °C; 16 h light/8 h dark), two watering regimes (well-watered or water-stressed), and two abscisic acid treatments (0 and 100 µL of 1mM abscisic acid solution, every other day). Plants were placed under experimental conditions for a total of 33 days, including a 13-day period of initial growth and hardening. Morphological, biochemical, and physiological parameters were measured to assess the growth and development of plants in response to the three factors. ANOVA and Scheffé’s multiple-comparison procedures were used to establish significant differences among treatments and among the three factors being manipulated. All three factors decreased plant height and growth rate. Dry mass accumulation was negatively affected by high temperatures. Transpiration, stomatal conductance, and gas exchange parameters were negatively affected by all three factors; additionally, net carbon dioxide assimilation was reduced by water stress and abscisic acid application. Non-photochemical quenching was decreased in plants grown under higher temperature and in abscisic acid-treated plants. Though it was not significant, abscisic acid appears to mitigate the negative effect of higher temperature and water stress on the nitrogen balance index and total chlorophyll content. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-322022661224411cacde6706120854e9 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj-art-322022661224411cacde6706120854e92025-02-10T09:53:47ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952023-03-0113393010.3390/agronomy13030930RETRACTED: Individual and Interactive Ecophysiological Effect of Temperature, Watering Regime and Abscisic Acid on the Growth and Development of Tomato SeedlingsTaghleb Al-Deeb0Mohammad Abo Gamar1Sabah Khaleel2Abdul Latief Al-Ghzawi3Wesam Al Khateeb4Mohammad Jawarneh5Mohammad Y. Jahmani6Omar Al-Zoubi7Talaat Habeeb8Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Al al-Bayt University, Mafraq 25113, JordanDepartment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, JordanDepartment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Al al-Bayt University, Mafraq 25113, JordanDepartment of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, JordanDepartment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, JordanDepartment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, JordanDepartment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, JordanBiology Department, Faculty of Science at Yanbu, Taibah University, Yanbu El-Bahr 46423, Saudi ArabiaBiology Department, Faculty of Science at Yanbu, Taibah University, Yanbu El-Bahr 46423, Saudi ArabiaClimate change is a major concern to people all over the world. Most studies have considered singular or dual effects of climate change implications on plant growth and development; however, the combination of multiple factors has received little attention. We therefore studied the single and combined effects of two environmental stress factors (high temperature and water stresses) and abscisic acid on tomato seedlings (<i>Solanum lycoperscum</i> L.). Plants were grown in controlled environment growth chambers under two temperatures (22/18 °C or 28/24 °C; 16 h light/8 h dark), two watering regimes (well-watered or water-stressed), and two abscisic acid treatments (0 and 100 µL of 1mM abscisic acid solution, every other day). Plants were placed under experimental conditions for a total of 33 days, including a 13-day period of initial growth and hardening. Morphological, biochemical, and physiological parameters were measured to assess the growth and development of plants in response to the three factors. ANOVA and Scheffé’s multiple-comparison procedures were used to establish significant differences among treatments and among the three factors being manipulated. All three factors decreased plant height and growth rate. Dry mass accumulation was negatively affected by high temperatures. Transpiration, stomatal conductance, and gas exchange parameters were negatively affected by all three factors; additionally, net carbon dioxide assimilation was reduced by water stress and abscisic acid application. Non-photochemical quenching was decreased in plants grown under higher temperature and in abscisic acid-treated plants. Though it was not significant, abscisic acid appears to mitigate the negative effect of higher temperature and water stress on the nitrogen balance index and total chlorophyll content.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/3/930abscisic acidbiomasstomato<i>Solanum lycoperscum</i> L.climate changegrowth and development |
| spellingShingle | Taghleb Al-Deeb Mohammad Abo Gamar Sabah Khaleel Abdul Latief Al-Ghzawi Wesam Al Khateeb Mohammad Jawarneh Mohammad Y. Jahmani Omar Al-Zoubi Talaat Habeeb RETRACTED: Individual and Interactive Ecophysiological Effect of Temperature, Watering Regime and Abscisic Acid on the Growth and Development of Tomato Seedlings Agronomy abscisic acid biomass tomato <i>Solanum lycoperscum</i> L. climate change growth and development |
| title | RETRACTED: Individual and Interactive Ecophysiological Effect of Temperature, Watering Regime and Abscisic Acid on the Growth and Development of Tomato Seedlings |
| title_full | RETRACTED: Individual and Interactive Ecophysiological Effect of Temperature, Watering Regime and Abscisic Acid on the Growth and Development of Tomato Seedlings |
| title_fullStr | RETRACTED: Individual and Interactive Ecophysiological Effect of Temperature, Watering Regime and Abscisic Acid on the Growth and Development of Tomato Seedlings |
| title_full_unstemmed | RETRACTED: Individual and Interactive Ecophysiological Effect of Temperature, Watering Regime and Abscisic Acid on the Growth and Development of Tomato Seedlings |
| title_short | RETRACTED: Individual and Interactive Ecophysiological Effect of Temperature, Watering Regime and Abscisic Acid on the Growth and Development of Tomato Seedlings |
| title_sort | retracted individual and interactive ecophysiological effect of temperature watering regime and abscisic acid on the growth and development of tomato seedlings |
| topic | abscisic acid biomass tomato <i>Solanum lycoperscum</i> L. climate change growth and development |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/3/930 |
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