Preparing controlled low strength materials with cement-treated construction waste clay improved by sodium hexametaphosphate.
To solve the disposal of large quantities of construction waste clay, this study proposes a new method for preparing controlled low strength materials (CLSM). Flow tests, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests, hydraulic conductivity tests and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses were pe...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2025-01-01
|
| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0314077 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1823856813206929408 |
|---|---|
| author | Chenhao Li Tinglong Xie Jianwen Ding Jian Tang Mengying Gao |
| author_facet | Chenhao Li Tinglong Xie Jianwen Ding Jian Tang Mengying Gao |
| author_sort | Chenhao Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | To solve the disposal of large quantities of construction waste clay, this study proposes a new method for preparing controlled low strength materials (CLSM). Flow tests, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests, hydraulic conductivity tests and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses were performed on cement-treated construction waste clay with different additive content (e.g. sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP), water glass, and phosphogypsum (PG)). The influence of additive content on the mechanical and microstructural properties of cement-treated clay-based CLSM was analyzed. The results indicated that the SHMP greatly enhanced the flowability of samples, adding 1%SHMP increased the fluidity of the sample by more than 80%, whereas 5% water glass had negligible effect. Additionally, the 10% PG improved the flowability retention, making it have higher flowability after 30 mins (more than 200 mm). SHMP interacted with Ca2+, significantly influencing the cement hydration; notably, 1% content resulted a notable reduction of samples from 167.5 kPa to 21.5 kPa at 1 day. Although increasing SHMP content improved the early strength, it led to a decrease in later strength, with the maximum late strength observed at 2% SHMP. Both PG and water glass also contributed to late strength enhancement, though higher SHMP levels diminished their effects. While SHMP markedly improved permeability resistance (less than 8 × 10-8 cm/s after 28d), hydraulic conductivity showed minimal variation with increased dosage. The combination of SHMP, PG and water glass effectively enhances the flowability and strength of clay-based CLSM at low water content, solving the contradiction between fluidity and strength. This promotes the sustainable development of green building materials. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-36125336f5f64a5ba6a950107f220565 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj-art-36125336f5f64a5ba6a950107f2205652025-02-12T05:30:56ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032025-01-01202e031407710.1371/journal.pone.0314077Preparing controlled low strength materials with cement-treated construction waste clay improved by sodium hexametaphosphate.Chenhao LiTinglong XieJianwen DingJian TangMengying GaoTo solve the disposal of large quantities of construction waste clay, this study proposes a new method for preparing controlled low strength materials (CLSM). Flow tests, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests, hydraulic conductivity tests and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses were performed on cement-treated construction waste clay with different additive content (e.g. sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP), water glass, and phosphogypsum (PG)). The influence of additive content on the mechanical and microstructural properties of cement-treated clay-based CLSM was analyzed. The results indicated that the SHMP greatly enhanced the flowability of samples, adding 1%SHMP increased the fluidity of the sample by more than 80%, whereas 5% water glass had negligible effect. Additionally, the 10% PG improved the flowability retention, making it have higher flowability after 30 mins (more than 200 mm). SHMP interacted with Ca2+, significantly influencing the cement hydration; notably, 1% content resulted a notable reduction of samples from 167.5 kPa to 21.5 kPa at 1 day. Although increasing SHMP content improved the early strength, it led to a decrease in later strength, with the maximum late strength observed at 2% SHMP. Both PG and water glass also contributed to late strength enhancement, though higher SHMP levels diminished their effects. While SHMP markedly improved permeability resistance (less than 8 × 10-8 cm/s after 28d), hydraulic conductivity showed minimal variation with increased dosage. The combination of SHMP, PG and water glass effectively enhances the flowability and strength of clay-based CLSM at low water content, solving the contradiction between fluidity and strength. This promotes the sustainable development of green building materials.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0314077 |
| spellingShingle | Chenhao Li Tinglong Xie Jianwen Ding Jian Tang Mengying Gao Preparing controlled low strength materials with cement-treated construction waste clay improved by sodium hexametaphosphate. PLoS ONE |
| title | Preparing controlled low strength materials with cement-treated construction waste clay improved by sodium hexametaphosphate. |
| title_full | Preparing controlled low strength materials with cement-treated construction waste clay improved by sodium hexametaphosphate. |
| title_fullStr | Preparing controlled low strength materials with cement-treated construction waste clay improved by sodium hexametaphosphate. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Preparing controlled low strength materials with cement-treated construction waste clay improved by sodium hexametaphosphate. |
| title_short | Preparing controlled low strength materials with cement-treated construction waste clay improved by sodium hexametaphosphate. |
| title_sort | preparing controlled low strength materials with cement treated construction waste clay improved by sodium hexametaphosphate |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0314077 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT chenhaoli preparingcontrolledlowstrengthmaterialswithcementtreatedconstructionwasteclayimprovedbysodiumhexametaphosphate AT tinglongxie preparingcontrolledlowstrengthmaterialswithcementtreatedconstructionwasteclayimprovedbysodiumhexametaphosphate AT jianwending preparingcontrolledlowstrengthmaterialswithcementtreatedconstructionwasteclayimprovedbysodiumhexametaphosphate AT jiantang preparingcontrolledlowstrengthmaterialswithcementtreatedconstructionwasteclayimprovedbysodiumhexametaphosphate AT mengyinggao preparingcontrolledlowstrengthmaterialswithcementtreatedconstructionwasteclayimprovedbysodiumhexametaphosphate |