Health Risk Assessment of PM2.5-bound Components in Beijing, China during 2013–2015
Abstract Risk assessment methods of the US Environment Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) were employed to estimate lifetime cancer risk in Beijing using the following fine particulate matter (PM2.5) components: six elements and 16 U.S. EPA priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and lifetime no...
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| Language: | English |
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Springer
2020-07-01
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| Series: | Aerosol and Air Quality Research |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2020.03.0108 |
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| author | Tianchu Zhang Yangfan Chen Xiaohong Xu |
| author_facet | Tianchu Zhang Yangfan Chen Xiaohong Xu |
| author_sort | Tianchu Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Risk assessment methods of the US Environment Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) were employed to estimate lifetime cancer risk in Beijing using the following fine particulate matter (PM2.5) components: six elements and 16 U.S. EPA priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and lifetime non-cancer hazard quotients (HQ) using 11 elements, based on data collected in Beijing during 2013–2015. The three-year average PM2.5 mass concentration was 82 µg m–3. Both lifetime cancer risk (1.9E-4) from exposure to ambient PM2.5-bound elements and PAHs and non-cancer HQ (18) from exposure to ambient PM2.5-bound elements in Beijing were much higher than the corresponding U.S. EPA acceptable levels. Cancer risks by source were, in descending order, road dust (7.3E-5), fossil fuel combustion (4.4E-5), vehicle exhaust (3.8E-5), soil dust (8.4E-6), metal processing (8.2E-6), secondary sulphur (8.0E-6), and biomass burning (6.4E-6). Cancer risks by PM2.5 component were, in descending order, As (1.1E-4), Cr(VI) (3.4E-5), total PAHs (1.5E-5), Pb (1.1E-5), Co (8.4E-6), Ni (3.9E-6), and Cd (3.9E-6). HQ by PM2.5-bound elements were, in descending order, Cl (14), As (1.8), Pb (0.94), P (0.81), Cd (0.22), Mn (0.22), Ni (0.18), Ba (0.1), Cr(VI) (0.03), Co (0.01), and Se (0.002). Fossil fuel combustion and vehicle exhaust were the top two sources, accounting for 77% of total HQ. HQ by target organ were, in descending order, respiratory (15), reproductive (1.8), nervous (1.2), renal (0.22), fetus (0.1), and alimentary system (0.002). The seasonal variations in PM2.5 mass concentrations, risks, as well as source and element contributions were largely due to increased coal combustion in winter. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3621fdd224ac4fcfa10f40f478eb2ba1 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1680-8584 2071-1409 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Aerosol and Air Quality Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-3621fdd224ac4fcfa10f40f478eb2ba12025-02-09T12:19:33ZengSpringerAerosol and Air Quality Research1680-85842071-14092020-07-012091938194910.4209/aaqr.2020.03.0108Health Risk Assessment of PM2.5-bound Components in Beijing, China during 2013–2015Tianchu Zhang0Yangfan Chen1Xiaohong Xu2Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of WindsorDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of WindsorDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of WindsorAbstract Risk assessment methods of the US Environment Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) were employed to estimate lifetime cancer risk in Beijing using the following fine particulate matter (PM2.5) components: six elements and 16 U.S. EPA priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and lifetime non-cancer hazard quotients (HQ) using 11 elements, based on data collected in Beijing during 2013–2015. The three-year average PM2.5 mass concentration was 82 µg m–3. Both lifetime cancer risk (1.9E-4) from exposure to ambient PM2.5-bound elements and PAHs and non-cancer HQ (18) from exposure to ambient PM2.5-bound elements in Beijing were much higher than the corresponding U.S. EPA acceptable levels. Cancer risks by source were, in descending order, road dust (7.3E-5), fossil fuel combustion (4.4E-5), vehicle exhaust (3.8E-5), soil dust (8.4E-6), metal processing (8.2E-6), secondary sulphur (8.0E-6), and biomass burning (6.4E-6). Cancer risks by PM2.5 component were, in descending order, As (1.1E-4), Cr(VI) (3.4E-5), total PAHs (1.5E-5), Pb (1.1E-5), Co (8.4E-6), Ni (3.9E-6), and Cd (3.9E-6). HQ by PM2.5-bound elements were, in descending order, Cl (14), As (1.8), Pb (0.94), P (0.81), Cd (0.22), Mn (0.22), Ni (0.18), Ba (0.1), Cr(VI) (0.03), Co (0.01), and Se (0.002). Fossil fuel combustion and vehicle exhaust were the top two sources, accounting for 77% of total HQ. HQ by target organ were, in descending order, respiratory (15), reproductive (1.8), nervous (1.2), renal (0.22), fetus (0.1), and alimentary system (0.002). The seasonal variations in PM2.5 mass concentrations, risks, as well as source and element contributions were largely due to increased coal combustion in winter.https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2020.03.0108Cancer riskNon-cancer hazard quotientPM2.5ElementPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbonsSeasonal variation |
| spellingShingle | Tianchu Zhang Yangfan Chen Xiaohong Xu Health Risk Assessment of PM2.5-bound Components in Beijing, China during 2013–2015 Aerosol and Air Quality Research Cancer risk Non-cancer hazard quotient PM2.5 Element Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Seasonal variation |
| title | Health Risk Assessment of PM2.5-bound Components in Beijing, China during 2013–2015 |
| title_full | Health Risk Assessment of PM2.5-bound Components in Beijing, China during 2013–2015 |
| title_fullStr | Health Risk Assessment of PM2.5-bound Components in Beijing, China during 2013–2015 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Health Risk Assessment of PM2.5-bound Components in Beijing, China during 2013–2015 |
| title_short | Health Risk Assessment of PM2.5-bound Components in Beijing, China during 2013–2015 |
| title_sort | health risk assessment of pm2 5 bound components in beijing china during 2013 2015 |
| topic | Cancer risk Non-cancer hazard quotient PM2.5 Element Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Seasonal variation |
| url | https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2020.03.0108 |
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