Chemical Composition, Source Appointment and Health Risk of PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 during Forest and Peatland Fires in Riau, Indonesia
Abstract This study investigated the contributions of particulate matter (PM) from various emission sources during the dry season, which resulted from frequent fires occurring in degraded forests and peatlands in Indonesia. Samples of fine (PM2.5) and coarse (PM2.5-10) particles collected during the...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Springer
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Aerosol and Air Quality Research |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.220015 |
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| author | Sepridawati Siregar Nora Idiawati Puji Lestari Abiyu Kerebo Berekute Wen-Chi Pan Kuo-Pin Yu |
| author_facet | Sepridawati Siregar Nora Idiawati Puji Lestari Abiyu Kerebo Berekute Wen-Chi Pan Kuo-Pin Yu |
| author_sort | Sepridawati Siregar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract This study investigated the contributions of particulate matter (PM) from various emission sources during the dry season, which resulted from frequent fires occurring in degraded forests and peatlands in Indonesia. Samples of fine (PM2.5) and coarse (PM2.5-10) particles collected during the dry season in Riau, Indonesia were analyzed to determine the mass concentrations of metallic trace elements, ionic compound, black carbon (BC), and organic carbon (OC). The average concentrations of PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 at Riau, Indonesia were 63.85 ± 3.22 µg m−3 and 27.72 ± 2.40 µg m−3, respectively. The positive matrix factorization (PMF) model was adopted to identify possible PM sources and their contributions to the ambient PM level. The PMF results identified six major PM2.5 sources, including biomass burning (BB) (28.7%), secondary aerosols (SA) (26.9%), vehicle exhaust (VE) (12.8%), industrial emissions (IE) (12.3%), soil dust (SD) (11.9%), and sea salt (SS) (7.5%). Moreover, there were five primary PM2.5-10 sources, including VE (28.6%) and BB (24%), followed by IE (19.9%), SD (17.2%), and SA (15.3%). A conditional probability function (CPF) analysis revealed that the southeast sector dominated among source direction-dependent contributions. The noncarcinogenic health risks for both adults and children resulting from exposure to PM2.5 were mainly contributed by Co, Ni, and Mn, and carcinogenic risks were caused by the toxic metals Cr and Co. Both noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks resulting from cumulative multielement exposure for both adults and children exceeded acceptable levels. Clearly, more attention should be devoted to reducing the noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks caused by particulate-bound toxic elements through inhalation exposure. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-36b11529ee8941d4a8cb894af1ca2696 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1680-8584 2071-1409 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Aerosol and Air Quality Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-36b11529ee8941d4a8cb894af1ca26962025-02-09T12:18:29ZengSpringerAerosol and Air Quality Research1680-85842071-14092022-07-0122911910.4209/aaqr.220015Chemical Composition, Source Appointment and Health Risk of PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 during Forest and Peatland Fires in Riau, IndonesiaSepridawati Siregar0Nora Idiawati1Puji Lestari2Abiyu Kerebo Berekute3Wen-Chi Pan4Kuo-Pin Yu5Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityFaculty of Math and Science, Tanjungpura UniversityFaculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB)International Ph.D. Program in Environmental Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityInternational Ph.D. Program in Environmental Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityInternational Ph.D. Program in Environmental Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityAbstract This study investigated the contributions of particulate matter (PM) from various emission sources during the dry season, which resulted from frequent fires occurring in degraded forests and peatlands in Indonesia. Samples of fine (PM2.5) and coarse (PM2.5-10) particles collected during the dry season in Riau, Indonesia were analyzed to determine the mass concentrations of metallic trace elements, ionic compound, black carbon (BC), and organic carbon (OC). The average concentrations of PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 at Riau, Indonesia were 63.85 ± 3.22 µg m−3 and 27.72 ± 2.40 µg m−3, respectively. The positive matrix factorization (PMF) model was adopted to identify possible PM sources and their contributions to the ambient PM level. The PMF results identified six major PM2.5 sources, including biomass burning (BB) (28.7%), secondary aerosols (SA) (26.9%), vehicle exhaust (VE) (12.8%), industrial emissions (IE) (12.3%), soil dust (SD) (11.9%), and sea salt (SS) (7.5%). Moreover, there were five primary PM2.5-10 sources, including VE (28.6%) and BB (24%), followed by IE (19.9%), SD (17.2%), and SA (15.3%). A conditional probability function (CPF) analysis revealed that the southeast sector dominated among source direction-dependent contributions. The noncarcinogenic health risks for both adults and children resulting from exposure to PM2.5 were mainly contributed by Co, Ni, and Mn, and carcinogenic risks were caused by the toxic metals Cr and Co. Both noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks resulting from cumulative multielement exposure for both adults and children exceeded acceptable levels. Clearly, more attention should be devoted to reducing the noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks caused by particulate-bound toxic elements through inhalation exposure.https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.220015Metal elementsIonic compoundBlack and organic carbonCarcinogenicNoncarcinogenic |
| spellingShingle | Sepridawati Siregar Nora Idiawati Puji Lestari Abiyu Kerebo Berekute Wen-Chi Pan Kuo-Pin Yu Chemical Composition, Source Appointment and Health Risk of PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 during Forest and Peatland Fires in Riau, Indonesia Aerosol and Air Quality Research Metal elements Ionic compound Black and organic carbon Carcinogenic Noncarcinogenic |
| title | Chemical Composition, Source Appointment and Health Risk of PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 during Forest and Peatland Fires in Riau, Indonesia |
| title_full | Chemical Composition, Source Appointment and Health Risk of PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 during Forest and Peatland Fires in Riau, Indonesia |
| title_fullStr | Chemical Composition, Source Appointment and Health Risk of PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 during Forest and Peatland Fires in Riau, Indonesia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chemical Composition, Source Appointment and Health Risk of PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 during Forest and Peatland Fires in Riau, Indonesia |
| title_short | Chemical Composition, Source Appointment and Health Risk of PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 during Forest and Peatland Fires in Riau, Indonesia |
| title_sort | chemical composition source appointment and health risk of pm2 5 and pm2 5 10 during forest and peatland fires in riau indonesia |
| topic | Metal elements Ionic compound Black and organic carbon Carcinogenic Noncarcinogenic |
| url | https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.220015 |
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