Associations of carbohydrate quality and cardiovascular risk factors vary among diabetes subtypes
Abstract Background Assess the intake of carbohydrate quality and their association with cardiovascular risk factors among diabetes subtypes. Methods Participants of the German Diabetes Study (GDS) (recent-onset diabetes (n = 487) and 5-years thereafter (n = 209)) were allocated into severe autoimmu...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2025-02-01
|
| Series: | Cardiovascular Diabetology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-025-02580-4 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1823863259417018368 |
|---|---|
| author | Katharina S. Weber Sabrina Schlesinger Janina Goletzke Klaus Straßburger Oana-Patricia Zaharia Sandra Trenkamp Robert Wagner Wolfgang Lieb Anette E. Buyken Michael Roden Christian Herder for the GDS group |
| author_facet | Katharina S. Weber Sabrina Schlesinger Janina Goletzke Klaus Straßburger Oana-Patricia Zaharia Sandra Trenkamp Robert Wagner Wolfgang Lieb Anette E. Buyken Michael Roden Christian Herder for the GDS group |
| author_sort | Katharina S. Weber |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Assess the intake of carbohydrate quality and their association with cardiovascular risk factors among diabetes subtypes. Methods Participants of the German Diabetes Study (GDS) (recent-onset diabetes (n = 487) and 5-years thereafter (n = 209)) were allocated into severe autoimmune diabetes (SAID, 35%), severe insulin-deficient diabetes (SIDD, 3%), severe insulin-resistant diabetes (SIRD, 5%), mild obesity-related diabetes (MOD, 28%), and mild age-related diabetes (MARD, 29%). Dietary glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), and intake of higher- (≥ 55) and low-GI (< 55) foods, dietary fiber, and total sugar were derived from a validated food frequency questionnaire and cross-sectionally associated with cardiovascular risk factors (blood lipids, subclinical inflammation, blood pressure, fatty liver index) using multivariable linear regression analysis for subtypes with prevalences ≥ 10%. Results Intake of carbohydrate quality parameters was broadly comparable between the subtypes. Among SAID higher total sugar intake was associated with lower HDL-cholesterol (ß (95% CI) relative change per 1 SD increment: − 3.4% (− 6.7; − 0.1)). No clear associations were seen among MOD. Among MARD, a higher dietary GL and higher-GI carbohydrate intake were associated with higher serum triglycerides (10.9% (2.4; 20.1), 12.4% (3.9; 21.5)) and fatty liver index (absolute change: 0.18 (0.06; 0.31), 0.17 (0.05; 0.28)) and lower HDL-cholesterol (− 4.1% (− 7.6; − 0.4), − 4.4% (− 7.8; − 0.8)), whilst higher intake of low-GI carbohydrates and dietary fiber were associated with lower high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (− 16.0% (− 25.7; − 5.1), − 13.9% (− 24.2; − 2.2)). Conclusions Associations of carbohydrate quality parameters with blood lipids, subclinical inflammation, and fatty liver index differed between diabetes subtypes. However, evidence is too preliminary to derive subtype-specific recommendations. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01055093. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-37887db5fb2d4d24b8de59bcdd5b8a83 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1475-2840 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cardiovascular Diabetology |
| spelling | doaj-art-37887db5fb2d4d24b8de59bcdd5b8a832025-02-09T12:11:01ZengBMCCardiovascular Diabetology1475-28402025-02-0124111310.1186/s12933-025-02580-4Associations of carbohydrate quality and cardiovascular risk factors vary among diabetes subtypesKatharina S. Weber0Sabrina Schlesinger1Janina Goletzke2Klaus Straßburger3Oana-Patricia Zaharia4Sandra Trenkamp5Robert Wagner6Wolfgang Lieb7Anette E. Buyken8Michael Roden9Christian Herder10for the GDS groupInstitute of Epidemiology, Kiel UniversityInstitute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University DüsseldorfFaculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Paderborn UniversityInstitute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University DüsseldorfGerman Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)Institute of Epidemiology, Kiel UniversityFaculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Paderborn UniversityGerman Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)Abstract Background Assess the intake of carbohydrate quality and their association with cardiovascular risk factors among diabetes subtypes. Methods Participants of the German Diabetes Study (GDS) (recent-onset diabetes (n = 487) and 5-years thereafter (n = 209)) were allocated into severe autoimmune diabetes (SAID, 35%), severe insulin-deficient diabetes (SIDD, 3%), severe insulin-resistant diabetes (SIRD, 5%), mild obesity-related diabetes (MOD, 28%), and mild age-related diabetes (MARD, 29%). Dietary glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), and intake of higher- (≥ 55) and low-GI (< 55) foods, dietary fiber, and total sugar were derived from a validated food frequency questionnaire and cross-sectionally associated with cardiovascular risk factors (blood lipids, subclinical inflammation, blood pressure, fatty liver index) using multivariable linear regression analysis for subtypes with prevalences ≥ 10%. Results Intake of carbohydrate quality parameters was broadly comparable between the subtypes. Among SAID higher total sugar intake was associated with lower HDL-cholesterol (ß (95% CI) relative change per 1 SD increment: − 3.4% (− 6.7; − 0.1)). No clear associations were seen among MOD. Among MARD, a higher dietary GL and higher-GI carbohydrate intake were associated with higher serum triglycerides (10.9% (2.4; 20.1), 12.4% (3.9; 21.5)) and fatty liver index (absolute change: 0.18 (0.06; 0.31), 0.17 (0.05; 0.28)) and lower HDL-cholesterol (− 4.1% (− 7.6; − 0.4), − 4.4% (− 7.8; − 0.8)), whilst higher intake of low-GI carbohydrates and dietary fiber were associated with lower high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (− 16.0% (− 25.7; − 5.1), − 13.9% (− 24.2; − 2.2)). Conclusions Associations of carbohydrate quality parameters with blood lipids, subclinical inflammation, and fatty liver index differed between diabetes subtypes. However, evidence is too preliminary to derive subtype-specific recommendations. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01055093.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-025-02580-4Glycemic indexGlycemic loadDiabetes clustersDiabetes-related complications |
| spellingShingle | Katharina S. Weber Sabrina Schlesinger Janina Goletzke Klaus Straßburger Oana-Patricia Zaharia Sandra Trenkamp Robert Wagner Wolfgang Lieb Anette E. Buyken Michael Roden Christian Herder for the GDS group Associations of carbohydrate quality and cardiovascular risk factors vary among diabetes subtypes Cardiovascular Diabetology Glycemic index Glycemic load Diabetes clusters Diabetes-related complications |
| title | Associations of carbohydrate quality and cardiovascular risk factors vary among diabetes subtypes |
| title_full | Associations of carbohydrate quality and cardiovascular risk factors vary among diabetes subtypes |
| title_fullStr | Associations of carbohydrate quality and cardiovascular risk factors vary among diabetes subtypes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Associations of carbohydrate quality and cardiovascular risk factors vary among diabetes subtypes |
| title_short | Associations of carbohydrate quality and cardiovascular risk factors vary among diabetes subtypes |
| title_sort | associations of carbohydrate quality and cardiovascular risk factors vary among diabetes subtypes |
| topic | Glycemic index Glycemic load Diabetes clusters Diabetes-related complications |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-025-02580-4 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT katharinasweber associationsofcarbohydratequalityandcardiovascularriskfactorsvaryamongdiabetessubtypes AT sabrinaschlesinger associationsofcarbohydratequalityandcardiovascularriskfactorsvaryamongdiabetessubtypes AT janinagoletzke associationsofcarbohydratequalityandcardiovascularriskfactorsvaryamongdiabetessubtypes AT klausstraßburger associationsofcarbohydratequalityandcardiovascularriskfactorsvaryamongdiabetessubtypes AT oanapatriciazaharia associationsofcarbohydratequalityandcardiovascularriskfactorsvaryamongdiabetessubtypes AT sandratrenkamp associationsofcarbohydratequalityandcardiovascularriskfactorsvaryamongdiabetessubtypes AT robertwagner associationsofcarbohydratequalityandcardiovascularriskfactorsvaryamongdiabetessubtypes AT wolfganglieb associationsofcarbohydratequalityandcardiovascularriskfactorsvaryamongdiabetessubtypes AT anetteebuyken associationsofcarbohydratequalityandcardiovascularriskfactorsvaryamongdiabetessubtypes AT michaelroden associationsofcarbohydratequalityandcardiovascularriskfactorsvaryamongdiabetessubtypes AT christianherder associationsofcarbohydratequalityandcardiovascularriskfactorsvaryamongdiabetessubtypes AT forthegdsgroup associationsofcarbohydratequalityandcardiovascularriskfactorsvaryamongdiabetessubtypes |