Depth variations as effective indicators for strength variation of Najran granites, Najran region, Saudi Arabia
Igneous rocks of various types are used for various purposes; however, their use as building stones for construction is ubiquitous due to their durability, hardness, appearance, and availability. This study thoroughly examines the impact of the petrographic and physico-mechanical characteristics of...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2025.1382313/full |
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| author | Ahmed Abd El Aal Yahya Al Zamana Turki Dunquwah Omar Alsalmi Jabir Hussain Javed Iqbal Moustafa Abdulrahim Mohamedsalih Ahmed E. Radwan Hezam Al-Awah |
| author_facet | Ahmed Abd El Aal Yahya Al Zamana Turki Dunquwah Omar Alsalmi Jabir Hussain Javed Iqbal Moustafa Abdulrahim Mohamedsalih Ahmed E. Radwan Hezam Al-Awah |
| author_sort | Ahmed Abd El Aal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Igneous rocks of various types are used for various purposes; however, their use as building stones for construction is ubiquitous due to their durability, hardness, appearance, and availability. This study thoroughly examines the impact of the petrographic and physico-mechanical characteristics of Najran granite on the rocks strength with depth variation. In this study 55 granite samples were acquired from various localities in the Najran area, and the various properties were analyzed including petrophysics, and geo-mechanics in reference to various burial depths of 0, 5, 10, 20, 25, and 30 m. Experimental models were constructed to delineate the link the burial depth and mechanical attributes, and then four specimens with different burial depths validated the experimental models. The results depict the direct relationship of mechanical attributes of rocks (i.e., SDI, Brazilian strength, uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), and tensile strength) with increase in burial depth. As the specimen depth increases from 0 to 30 m, the SDI, Brazilian strength, UCS, and tensile strength also increases from 98.67%, 16.65, 132, and 10.82 MPa to 99.76%, 20.46, 187, and 15.33 MPa, respectively. Moreover, the p-wave also increases with the increase in depth, indicating low porosity, voids, and high density. This observation is also confirmed by the low water absorption that decreases with depth as well. Analyses of XRF data also considered the mechanical reasons for the strength with burial depth effects; findings suggested a direct relationship between burial depths and UCS values and inverse relationship with quartz content. For a better knowledge of the granites throughout the region, it is advised to carry out comparative studies on other granites in Saudi Arabia and create a comprehension model using numerical simulation. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-40b1640f04d64fac8bfa12c6d3c0e49f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2296-8016 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Materials |
| spelling | doaj-art-40b1640f04d64fac8bfa12c6d3c0e49f2025-02-11T07:00:05ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Materials2296-80162025-02-011210.3389/fmats.2025.13823131382313Depth variations as effective indicators for strength variation of Najran granites, Najran region, Saudi ArabiaAhmed Abd El Aal0Yahya Al Zamana1Turki Dunquwah2Omar Alsalmi3Jabir Hussain4Javed Iqbal5Moustafa Abdulrahim Mohamedsalih6Ahmed E. Radwan7Hezam Al-Awah8Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Najran University, Najran, Saudi ArabiaCivil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Najran University, Najran, Saudi ArabiaCivil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Najran University, Najran, Saudi ArabiaCivil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Najran University, Najran, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Bahria University, Islamabad, PakistanInstitute of Geographic Information Systems, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, PakistanCivil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Najran University, Najran, Saudi ArabiaFaculty of Geography and Geology, Institute of Geological Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, PolandGeology Program, Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, QatarIgneous rocks of various types are used for various purposes; however, their use as building stones for construction is ubiquitous due to their durability, hardness, appearance, and availability. This study thoroughly examines the impact of the petrographic and physico-mechanical characteristics of Najran granite on the rocks strength with depth variation. In this study 55 granite samples were acquired from various localities in the Najran area, and the various properties were analyzed including petrophysics, and geo-mechanics in reference to various burial depths of 0, 5, 10, 20, 25, and 30 m. Experimental models were constructed to delineate the link the burial depth and mechanical attributes, and then four specimens with different burial depths validated the experimental models. The results depict the direct relationship of mechanical attributes of rocks (i.e., SDI, Brazilian strength, uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), and tensile strength) with increase in burial depth. As the specimen depth increases from 0 to 30 m, the SDI, Brazilian strength, UCS, and tensile strength also increases from 98.67%, 16.65, 132, and 10.82 MPa to 99.76%, 20.46, 187, and 15.33 MPa, respectively. Moreover, the p-wave also increases with the increase in depth, indicating low porosity, voids, and high density. This observation is also confirmed by the low water absorption that decreases with depth as well. Analyses of XRF data also considered the mechanical reasons for the strength with burial depth effects; findings suggested a direct relationship between burial depths and UCS values and inverse relationship with quartz content. For a better knowledge of the granites throughout the region, it is advised to carry out comparative studies on other granites in Saudi Arabia and create a comprehension model using numerical simulation.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2025.1382313/fullgranitedepth impactNajran areamechanical properties of rocksphysical properties of rocks |
| spellingShingle | Ahmed Abd El Aal Yahya Al Zamana Turki Dunquwah Omar Alsalmi Jabir Hussain Javed Iqbal Moustafa Abdulrahim Mohamedsalih Ahmed E. Radwan Hezam Al-Awah Depth variations as effective indicators for strength variation of Najran granites, Najran region, Saudi Arabia Frontiers in Materials granite depth impact Najran area mechanical properties of rocks physical properties of rocks |
| title | Depth variations as effective indicators for strength variation of Najran granites, Najran region, Saudi Arabia |
| title_full | Depth variations as effective indicators for strength variation of Najran granites, Najran region, Saudi Arabia |
| title_fullStr | Depth variations as effective indicators for strength variation of Najran granites, Najran region, Saudi Arabia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Depth variations as effective indicators for strength variation of Najran granites, Najran region, Saudi Arabia |
| title_short | Depth variations as effective indicators for strength variation of Najran granites, Najran region, Saudi Arabia |
| title_sort | depth variations as effective indicators for strength variation of najran granites najran region saudi arabia |
| topic | granite depth impact Najran area mechanical properties of rocks physical properties of rocks |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2025.1382313/full |
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