Advanced Neuromuscular Training Differentially Changes Performance on Visuomotor Reaction Tests and Single-leg Hop Tests in Patients with ACL Reconstruction
# Background Advanced neuromuscular training prepares patients with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) for sport participation. Return-to-sport testing often includes single-leg hop tests, yet combining motor and cognitive tasks (i.e., dual-task) might reveal neurocognitive reliance....
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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North American Sports Medicine Institute
2024-11-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.124807 |
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| _version_ | 1825197082483359744 |
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| author | Terese Chmielewski Michael Obermeier Adam Meierbachtol Asher Jenkins Michael Stuart Robby Sikka Marc Tompkins |
| author_facet | Terese Chmielewski Michael Obermeier Adam Meierbachtol Asher Jenkins Michael Stuart Robby Sikka Marc Tompkins |
| author_sort | Terese Chmielewski |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | # Background
Advanced neuromuscular training prepares patients with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) for sport participation. Return-to-sport testing often includes single-leg hop tests, yet combining motor and cognitive tasks (i.e., dual-task) might reveal neurocognitive reliance.
# Purpose/Hypothesis
This study examined changes in performance on visuomotor reactions tests and single-leg hop tests following advanced neuromuscular training in patients with ACLR. The hypothesis was that performance would improve less on reaction tests than on single-leg hop tests.
# Study Design
Quasi experimental, Pretest-Posttest
# Methods
Twenty-five patients with ACLR (11 males) completed 10 sessions of advanced neuromuscular training and pre-and post-training testing. Reaction tests outcomes were from a platform and visual display. The double-leg reaction test involved touching target dots with either leg for 20 seconds; correct touches and errors were recorded. The single-leg reaction test involved hopping on the test leg to 10 target dots; hop time and errors were recorded. Single-leg hop tests included forward, triple, crossover triple, and timed hop; limb symmetry index was recorded. Effect sizes were calculated for corrected touches on the double-leg reaction test, surgical side hop time on the single-leg reaction test, and surgical side hop distance or time on single-leg hop tests.
# Results
Correct touches on the double-leg reaction test significantly increased from pre- to post-training (20.4 +/- 4.3 vs. 23.9 +/- 2.8, p<0.001). Hop time on the single-leg reaction test significantly decreased from pre- to post-training (Surgical leg 13.2 vs. 12.3 seconds, non-surgical leg 13.0 vs. 12.1 seconds, p=0.003). Mean errors did not significantly change on either reaction test (p> 0.05). Cohens d effect sizes in descending order was single-leg hop tests (d=0.9 to 1.3), double-leg reaction test (d=0.9), and single-leg reaction test (d=0.5).
# Conclusion
Motor performance improved after advanced neuromuscular training, but the effect size was less on visuomotor reaction tests than single-leg hop tests. The results suggest persistence of neurocognitive reliance after ACLR and a need for more dual-task challenges in training.
# Level of Evidence
3 |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4140f8630b15425290d61f01cfaa8be7 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2159-2896 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | North American Sports Medicine Institute |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy |
| spelling | doaj-art-4140f8630b15425290d61f01cfaa8be72025-02-11T20:26:59ZengNorth American Sports Medicine InstituteInternational Journal of Sports Physical Therapy2159-28962024-11-011911Advanced Neuromuscular Training Differentially Changes Performance on Visuomotor Reaction Tests and Single-leg Hop Tests in Patients with ACL ReconstructionTerese ChmielewskiMichael ObermeierAdam MeierbachtolAsher JenkinsMichael StuartRobby SikkaMarc Tompkins# Background Advanced neuromuscular training prepares patients with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) for sport participation. Return-to-sport testing often includes single-leg hop tests, yet combining motor and cognitive tasks (i.e., dual-task) might reveal neurocognitive reliance. # Purpose/Hypothesis This study examined changes in performance on visuomotor reactions tests and single-leg hop tests following advanced neuromuscular training in patients with ACLR. The hypothesis was that performance would improve less on reaction tests than on single-leg hop tests. # Study Design Quasi experimental, Pretest-Posttest # Methods Twenty-five patients with ACLR (11 males) completed 10 sessions of advanced neuromuscular training and pre-and post-training testing. Reaction tests outcomes were from a platform and visual display. The double-leg reaction test involved touching target dots with either leg for 20 seconds; correct touches and errors were recorded. The single-leg reaction test involved hopping on the test leg to 10 target dots; hop time and errors were recorded. Single-leg hop tests included forward, triple, crossover triple, and timed hop; limb symmetry index was recorded. Effect sizes were calculated for corrected touches on the double-leg reaction test, surgical side hop time on the single-leg reaction test, and surgical side hop distance or time on single-leg hop tests. # Results Correct touches on the double-leg reaction test significantly increased from pre- to post-training (20.4 +/- 4.3 vs. 23.9 +/- 2.8, p<0.001). Hop time on the single-leg reaction test significantly decreased from pre- to post-training (Surgical leg 13.2 vs. 12.3 seconds, non-surgical leg 13.0 vs. 12.1 seconds, p=0.003). Mean errors did not significantly change on either reaction test (p> 0.05). Cohens d effect sizes in descending order was single-leg hop tests (d=0.9 to 1.3), double-leg reaction test (d=0.9), and single-leg reaction test (d=0.5). # Conclusion Motor performance improved after advanced neuromuscular training, but the effect size was less on visuomotor reaction tests than single-leg hop tests. The results suggest persistence of neurocognitive reliance after ACLR and a need for more dual-task challenges in training. # Level of Evidence 3https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.124807 |
| spellingShingle | Terese Chmielewski Michael Obermeier Adam Meierbachtol Asher Jenkins Michael Stuart Robby Sikka Marc Tompkins Advanced Neuromuscular Training Differentially Changes Performance on Visuomotor Reaction Tests and Single-leg Hop Tests in Patients with ACL Reconstruction International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy |
| title | Advanced Neuromuscular Training Differentially Changes Performance on Visuomotor Reaction Tests and Single-leg Hop Tests in Patients with ACL Reconstruction |
| title_full | Advanced Neuromuscular Training Differentially Changes Performance on Visuomotor Reaction Tests and Single-leg Hop Tests in Patients with ACL Reconstruction |
| title_fullStr | Advanced Neuromuscular Training Differentially Changes Performance on Visuomotor Reaction Tests and Single-leg Hop Tests in Patients with ACL Reconstruction |
| title_full_unstemmed | Advanced Neuromuscular Training Differentially Changes Performance on Visuomotor Reaction Tests and Single-leg Hop Tests in Patients with ACL Reconstruction |
| title_short | Advanced Neuromuscular Training Differentially Changes Performance on Visuomotor Reaction Tests and Single-leg Hop Tests in Patients with ACL Reconstruction |
| title_sort | advanced neuromuscular training differentially changes performance on visuomotor reaction tests and single leg hop tests in patients with acl reconstruction |
| url | https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.124807 |
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