A comparative study of the production of methyl esters from non-edible oils as potential feedstocks: Process optimization and two-step biodiesel characterization
The growing demand for sustainable and renewable energy sources has intensified interest in biodiesel production from non-edible vegetable oils, offering an alternative to reduce reliance on edible oils. This study focuses on the biodiesel potential of Jatropha curcas, Calophyllum inophyllum, and Ce...
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Elsevier
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Results in Engineering |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025003706 |
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| author | Jassinnee Milano Mei Yin Ong Sieh Kiong Tiong F. Ideris A.S. Silitonga A.H. Sebayang Chung Hong Tan I.M.R. Fattah Zahra Fona Nazia Hossain |
| author_facet | Jassinnee Milano Mei Yin Ong Sieh Kiong Tiong F. Ideris A.S. Silitonga A.H. Sebayang Chung Hong Tan I.M.R. Fattah Zahra Fona Nazia Hossain |
| author_sort | Jassinnee Milano |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The growing demand for sustainable and renewable energy sources has intensified interest in biodiesel production from non-edible vegetable oils, offering an alternative to reduce reliance on edible oils. This study focuses on the biodiesel potential of Jatropha curcas, Calophyllum inophyllum, and Ceiba pentandra oils, which are rich in free fatty acids.This study explores the biodiesel potential of Jatropha curcas, Calophyllum inophyllum, and Ceiba pentandra oils, focusing on developing a unified set of process conditions for effectives conversion. The response surface methodology (RSM), a nonlinear regression approach, was employed to optimize the transesterification process, aiming to simulate and apply the same process parameters across all three oils. Five key factors affecting the conversion of biodiesel: molar ratio, potassium hydroxide, temperature, time, and speed agitation, using two-stage analysis of variance. The optimal experimental conditions for the transesterification process were 0.5 wt% of potassium hydroxide catalyst, a temperature at 50 °C, molar ratio of 9:1, time of reaction at 60 min, and agitation speed of 811 rpm. Under these optimal conditions, >90 % biodiesel yield was obtained. The fuel properties of the biodiesel were evaluated and found to meet ASTM D6751 standards, exhibiting characteristics comparable to conventional diesel. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of using non-edible oils under a single optimized process, paving the way for cost-effective and scalable biodiesel production suitable for compression ignition engines. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-449d941f359e4c0dbcb0f6f30f99cb4a |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2590-1230 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Results in Engineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-449d941f359e4c0dbcb0f6f30f99cb4a2025-02-11T04:35:24ZengElsevierResults in Engineering2590-12302025-03-0125104285A comparative study of the production of methyl esters from non-edible oils as potential feedstocks: Process optimization and two-step biodiesel characterizationJassinnee Milano0Mei Yin Ong1Sieh Kiong Tiong2F. Ideris3A.S. Silitonga4A.H. Sebayang5Chung Hong Tan6I.M.R. Fattah7Zahra Fona8Nazia Hossain9Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Malaysia; Corresponding authors.Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, 43000 Kajang, Selangor MalaysiaInstitute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, 43000 Kajang, Selangor MalaysiaInstitute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, 43000 Kajang, Selangor MalaysiaCentre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Center of Renewable Energy, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Medan, 20155 Medan, Indonesia; Corresponding authors.Center of Renewable Energy, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Medan, 20155 Medan, IndonesiaInstitute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, 43000 Kajang, Selangor MalaysiaCentre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, AustraliaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Lhokseumawe, 24301, Aceh, IndonesiaSchool of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, AustraliaThe growing demand for sustainable and renewable energy sources has intensified interest in biodiesel production from non-edible vegetable oils, offering an alternative to reduce reliance on edible oils. This study focuses on the biodiesel potential of Jatropha curcas, Calophyllum inophyllum, and Ceiba pentandra oils, which are rich in free fatty acids.This study explores the biodiesel potential of Jatropha curcas, Calophyllum inophyllum, and Ceiba pentandra oils, focusing on developing a unified set of process conditions for effectives conversion. The response surface methodology (RSM), a nonlinear regression approach, was employed to optimize the transesterification process, aiming to simulate and apply the same process parameters across all three oils. Five key factors affecting the conversion of biodiesel: molar ratio, potassium hydroxide, temperature, time, and speed agitation, using two-stage analysis of variance. The optimal experimental conditions for the transesterification process were 0.5 wt% of potassium hydroxide catalyst, a temperature at 50 °C, molar ratio of 9:1, time of reaction at 60 min, and agitation speed of 811 rpm. Under these optimal conditions, >90 % biodiesel yield was obtained. The fuel properties of the biodiesel were evaluated and found to meet ASTM D6751 standards, exhibiting characteristics comparable to conventional diesel. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of using non-edible oils under a single optimized process, paving the way for cost-effective and scalable biodiesel production suitable for compression ignition engines.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025003706BiodieselCalophyllum inophyllumCeiba pentandraDesign of experimentJatropha curcasOptimization |
| spellingShingle | Jassinnee Milano Mei Yin Ong Sieh Kiong Tiong F. Ideris A.S. Silitonga A.H. Sebayang Chung Hong Tan I.M.R. Fattah Zahra Fona Nazia Hossain A comparative study of the production of methyl esters from non-edible oils as potential feedstocks: Process optimization and two-step biodiesel characterization Results in Engineering Biodiesel Calophyllum inophyllum Ceiba pentandra Design of experiment Jatropha curcas Optimization |
| title | A comparative study of the production of methyl esters from non-edible oils as potential feedstocks: Process optimization and two-step biodiesel characterization |
| title_full | A comparative study of the production of methyl esters from non-edible oils as potential feedstocks: Process optimization and two-step biodiesel characterization |
| title_fullStr | A comparative study of the production of methyl esters from non-edible oils as potential feedstocks: Process optimization and two-step biodiesel characterization |
| title_full_unstemmed | A comparative study of the production of methyl esters from non-edible oils as potential feedstocks: Process optimization and two-step biodiesel characterization |
| title_short | A comparative study of the production of methyl esters from non-edible oils as potential feedstocks: Process optimization and two-step biodiesel characterization |
| title_sort | comparative study of the production of methyl esters from non edible oils as potential feedstocks process optimization and two step biodiesel characterization |
| topic | Biodiesel Calophyllum inophyllum Ceiba pentandra Design of experiment Jatropha curcas Optimization |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025003706 |
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