Influence of hybrid air-cooled based strategy on thermal management system performance

Abstract Existing cooling strategies have shown reasonable performance enhancement in the design of air-cooled battery thermal management systems (BTMSs). However, some of these strategies are accompanied with drawbacks such as increase in pressure drop, poor flow uniformity and poor thermal homogen...

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Main Authors: Olanrewaju M. Oyewola, Emmanuel T. Idowu, Mebougna L. Drabo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-02-01
Series:Discover Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-025-06495-3
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author Olanrewaju M. Oyewola
Emmanuel T. Idowu
Mebougna L. Drabo
author_facet Olanrewaju M. Oyewola
Emmanuel T. Idowu
Mebougna L. Drabo
author_sort Olanrewaju M. Oyewola
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Existing cooling strategies have shown reasonable performance enhancement in the design of air-cooled battery thermal management systems (BTMSs). However, some of these strategies are accompanied with drawbacks such as increase in pressure drop, poor flow uniformity and poor thermal homogeneity. This study adopts hybrid cooling strategy (HCS), through combination of existing air-cooling strategies to investigate the performance of Z–Type BTMSs. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method was used to evaluate the performance of the HCSs. The method was validated by comparing Z–Type BTMS numerical simulation results with experimental result from literature. Findings from the study revealed that each strategy provides distinct maximum temperature ( $${T}_{max}$$ T max ), maximum temperature difference ( $${\Delta T}_{max}$$ Δ T max ), pressure drop ( $$\Delta P$$ Δ P ) and pumping power ( $${P}_{p}$$ P p ) performances for the same operational parameters. For designs with single enhancement, step-like design produced best thermal performance with $${T}_{max}=331.16 K$$ T max = 331.16 K and $${P}_{p}=0.0841 W$$ P p = 0.0841 W . A design with combination of two strategies, also produced reduction in $${T}_{max}$$ T max and $$\Delta {T}_{max}$$ Δ T max by 4.25 K and 8.66 K, respectively, with 2.34 Pa increase in $$\Delta P$$ Δ P , when compared with the Z–Type BTMS. Another design with single strategy produced reduction in $${T}_{max}$$ T max and $$\Delta {T}_{max}$$ Δ T max by 4.42 K and 8.01 K, respectively with 3.52 Pa increase in $$\Delta P$$ Δ P when compared with the same Z–Type BTMS. This performance shows 3.85% increase in $${T}_{max}$$ T max and with 33.5% reduction in $$\Delta P$$ Δ P . Several other designs also exhibited similar performance trend. Hence, this study concludes that adopting hybridization of air-cooled technique in BTMS is a promising technique with wide potential unexplored.
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spelling doaj-art-47768e4970e74174b99457bc3982830b2025-02-09T12:49:52ZengSpringerDiscover Applied Sciences3004-92612025-02-017212610.1007/s42452-025-06495-3Influence of hybrid air-cooled based strategy on thermal management system performanceOlanrewaju M. Oyewola0Emmanuel T. Idowu1Mebougna L. Drabo2Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alaska FairbanksDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Ajayi Crowther UniversityDepartment of Mechanical & Civil Engineering and Construction Management, Alabama A&M UniversityAbstract Existing cooling strategies have shown reasonable performance enhancement in the design of air-cooled battery thermal management systems (BTMSs). However, some of these strategies are accompanied with drawbacks such as increase in pressure drop, poor flow uniformity and poor thermal homogeneity. This study adopts hybrid cooling strategy (HCS), through combination of existing air-cooling strategies to investigate the performance of Z–Type BTMSs. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method was used to evaluate the performance of the HCSs. The method was validated by comparing Z–Type BTMS numerical simulation results with experimental result from literature. Findings from the study revealed that each strategy provides distinct maximum temperature ( $${T}_{max}$$ T max ), maximum temperature difference ( $${\Delta T}_{max}$$ Δ T max ), pressure drop ( $$\Delta P$$ Δ P ) and pumping power ( $${P}_{p}$$ P p ) performances for the same operational parameters. For designs with single enhancement, step-like design produced best thermal performance with $${T}_{max}=331.16 K$$ T max = 331.16 K and $${P}_{p}=0.0841 W$$ P p = 0.0841 W . A design with combination of two strategies, also produced reduction in $${T}_{max}$$ T max and $$\Delta {T}_{max}$$ Δ T max by 4.25 K and 8.66 K, respectively, with 2.34 Pa increase in $$\Delta P$$ Δ P , when compared with the Z–Type BTMS. Another design with single strategy produced reduction in $${T}_{max}$$ T max and $$\Delta {T}_{max}$$ Δ T max by 4.42 K and 8.01 K, respectively with 3.52 Pa increase in $$\Delta P$$ Δ P when compared with the same Z–Type BTMS. This performance shows 3.85% increase in $${T}_{max}$$ T max and with 33.5% reduction in $$\Delta P$$ Δ P . Several other designs also exhibited similar performance trend. Hence, this study concludes that adopting hybridization of air-cooled technique in BTMS is a promising technique with wide potential unexplored.https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-025-06495-3Hybrid cooling strategyBTMSTemperaturePressure dropAir-cooling
spellingShingle Olanrewaju M. Oyewola
Emmanuel T. Idowu
Mebougna L. Drabo
Influence of hybrid air-cooled based strategy on thermal management system performance
Discover Applied Sciences
Hybrid cooling strategy
BTMS
Temperature
Pressure drop
Air-cooling
title Influence of hybrid air-cooled based strategy on thermal management system performance
title_full Influence of hybrid air-cooled based strategy on thermal management system performance
title_fullStr Influence of hybrid air-cooled based strategy on thermal management system performance
title_full_unstemmed Influence of hybrid air-cooled based strategy on thermal management system performance
title_short Influence of hybrid air-cooled based strategy on thermal management system performance
title_sort influence of hybrid air cooled based strategy on thermal management system performance
topic Hybrid cooling strategy
BTMS
Temperature
Pressure drop
Air-cooling
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-025-06495-3
work_keys_str_mv AT olanrewajumoyewola influenceofhybridaircooledbasedstrategyonthermalmanagementsystemperformance
AT emmanueltidowu influenceofhybridaircooledbasedstrategyonthermalmanagementsystemperformance
AT mebougnaldrabo influenceofhybridaircooledbasedstrategyonthermalmanagementsystemperformance