Bright night sleeping environment induces diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in non-human primates
BackgroundAccording to the IDF Diabetes Atlas regularly published by International Diabetes Federation, the prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), diabetes-related mortality and health expenditure are becoming serious eventually at the global, regional and national level. While...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2025.1454592/full |
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| author | Shuxing Wang Zhenyi Chen Zihao Liang Qiang Xu Jiankai Zhang |
| author_facet | Shuxing Wang Zhenyi Chen Zihao Liang Qiang Xu Jiankai Zhang |
| author_sort | Shuxing Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundAccording to the IDF Diabetes Atlas regularly published by International Diabetes Federation, the prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), diabetes-related mortality and health expenditure are becoming serious eventually at the global, regional and national level. While the data alarm people, the exact cause remains unknown. It is widely accepted that glucose metabolism can be impaired by circadian rhythms disruption and sleep disturbances, both closely linked to exposure to light at night. However, there is little direct experiment on primates to study the precise extent of how serious bright sleeping environment at night impairs glucose metabolism, what the relationship is between nocturnal brightness and the development of diabetes and IGT, any difference between male and female, and whether aging and weight are involved. This study aims to address these questions in monkeys.MethodsIn a reduced daytime bright condition resembling human living rooms, 197 Cynomolgus (130 male, 67 female) were exposed to three distinct light intensities (13, 35, 75Lux) at night for consecutive ten months. Animals were retrospectively divided into four groups according to glucose metabolic status by the end of the experimental session, spontaneous diabetes mellitus (SDM, N=11), light-induced diabetes (LID, N=83), impaired fasting glucose tolerance (IFG, N=36), and normal glucose tolerance (NGT, N=67). Data pertaining to the glucose metabolism such as concentrations of fasting glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, plasma insulin and C-peptide were collected monthly and analyzed.Results1) Bright night exasperated glucose metabolism in individuals with pre-existing diabetes, led to premature death; 2) Stronger white light intensity-dependently induced diabetes and IFG in previous healthy monkeys: the brighter the light, the quicker the metabolism disturbance and IFG developed, and also the higher morbidity of LID and IFG; 3) Exposure to nocturnal light had a synergistic impairing effect on glucose metabolism with aging and weight. 4) Female were more susceptible to night brightness.ConclusionsLight in sleeping environment exacerbates glucose metabolism in individuals with pre-existing diabetes, leads to IFG and diabetes in healthy primates. Moreover, the harmful effects of bright night on glucose metabolism are synergistic with aging and weight. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-489ac2b973d74bcdaba02a7671e2fb80 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1664-2392 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
| spelling | doaj-art-489ac2b973d74bcdaba02a7671e2fb802025-02-12T05:15:01ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Endocrinology1664-23922025-02-011610.3389/fendo.2025.14545921454592Bright night sleeping environment induces diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in non-human primatesShuxing Wang0Zhenyi Chen1Zihao Liang2Qiang Xu3Jiankai Zhang4Department of Anatomy, Medical School, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, ChinaBIO-THERA, Guangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacy, Qingyuan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingyuan, Guangdong, ChinaPrimate Research Center, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Anatomy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, ChinaBackgroundAccording to the IDF Diabetes Atlas regularly published by International Diabetes Federation, the prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), diabetes-related mortality and health expenditure are becoming serious eventually at the global, regional and national level. While the data alarm people, the exact cause remains unknown. It is widely accepted that glucose metabolism can be impaired by circadian rhythms disruption and sleep disturbances, both closely linked to exposure to light at night. However, there is little direct experiment on primates to study the precise extent of how serious bright sleeping environment at night impairs glucose metabolism, what the relationship is between nocturnal brightness and the development of diabetes and IGT, any difference between male and female, and whether aging and weight are involved. This study aims to address these questions in monkeys.MethodsIn a reduced daytime bright condition resembling human living rooms, 197 Cynomolgus (130 male, 67 female) were exposed to three distinct light intensities (13, 35, 75Lux) at night for consecutive ten months. Animals were retrospectively divided into four groups according to glucose metabolic status by the end of the experimental session, spontaneous diabetes mellitus (SDM, N=11), light-induced diabetes (LID, N=83), impaired fasting glucose tolerance (IFG, N=36), and normal glucose tolerance (NGT, N=67). Data pertaining to the glucose metabolism such as concentrations of fasting glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, plasma insulin and C-peptide were collected monthly and analyzed.Results1) Bright night exasperated glucose metabolism in individuals with pre-existing diabetes, led to premature death; 2) Stronger white light intensity-dependently induced diabetes and IFG in previous healthy monkeys: the brighter the light, the quicker the metabolism disturbance and IFG developed, and also the higher morbidity of LID and IFG; 3) Exposure to nocturnal light had a synergistic impairing effect on glucose metabolism with aging and weight. 4) Female were more susceptible to night brightness.ConclusionsLight in sleeping environment exacerbates glucose metabolism in individuals with pre-existing diabetes, leads to IFG and diabetes in healthy primates. Moreover, the harmful effects of bright night on glucose metabolism are synergistic with aging and weight.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2025.1454592/fullglucose metabolisminsulindiabetesimpaired fasting glucose tolerancelight at nightmelatonin |
| spellingShingle | Shuxing Wang Zhenyi Chen Zihao Liang Qiang Xu Jiankai Zhang Bright night sleeping environment induces diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in non-human primates Frontiers in Endocrinology glucose metabolism insulin diabetes impaired fasting glucose tolerance light at night melatonin |
| title | Bright night sleeping environment induces diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in non-human primates |
| title_full | Bright night sleeping environment induces diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in non-human primates |
| title_fullStr | Bright night sleeping environment induces diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in non-human primates |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bright night sleeping environment induces diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in non-human primates |
| title_short | Bright night sleeping environment induces diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in non-human primates |
| title_sort | bright night sleeping environment induces diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in non human primates |
| topic | glucose metabolism insulin diabetes impaired fasting glucose tolerance light at night melatonin |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2025.1454592/full |
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