Postnatal cytomegalovirus infection and its effect on hearing and neurodevelopmental outcomes among infants aged 3-10 months: A cohort study in Eastern Uganda.
<h4>Background</h4>Hearing impairment and neurodevelopmental disorders pose a significant global health burden in children. The link between postnatal cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and these outcomes remains unclear. This study explored the association of postnatal CMV infection with h...
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0318655 |
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| author | Noela Regina Akwi Okalany David Mukunya Peter Olupot-Olupot Martin Chebet Francis Okello Andrew D Weeks Fred Bisso Thorkild Tylleskär Kathy Burgoine Ingunn Marie Stadskleiv Engebretsen |
| author_facet | Noela Regina Akwi Okalany David Mukunya Peter Olupot-Olupot Martin Chebet Francis Okello Andrew D Weeks Fred Bisso Thorkild Tylleskär Kathy Burgoine Ingunn Marie Stadskleiv Engebretsen |
| author_sort | Noela Regina Akwi Okalany |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <h4>Background</h4>Hearing impairment and neurodevelopmental disorders pose a significant global health burden in children. The link between postnatal cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and these outcomes remains unclear. This study explored the association of postnatal CMV infection with hearing and neurodevelopmental outcomes in term infants aged 3 to 10 months.<h4>Methods</h4>This was a cohort sub-study within the BabyGel cluster randomised trial in Eastern Uganda. From 1265 term infants screened for CMV, 219 were negative at birth but positive at 3 months, and were age-matched with 219 CMV-negative controls. CMV status was determined by PCR screening of saliva samples, with positive results confirmed using urine samples (Chai Open qPCR, Santa Clara, CA). From the established cohort, 424 infants were successfully followed up between 3 to 10 months of age. Clinical assessments included neurodevelopmental evaluation using the Malawi Developmental Assessment Tool, the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination, and hearing screening using Otoacoustic Emission testing (Otoport Lite, Otodynamics Limited). Statistical analyses were performed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests and log binomial regression models with Stata 18.<h4>Results</h4>Of the 424 infants included in the study, 206 were postnatal CMV-infected and 218 were uninfected. Neurodevelopmental assessments indicated no differences between postnatal CMV-infected infants and uninfected groups (ARR 0.88, 95% CI [0.67, 1.15], p = 0.346). Hearing screening revealed a 1.99-fold increased risk of a positive result for postnatal CMV-infected infants compared to uninfected infants (67/106 vs. 39/106, 95% CI [1.27, 3.12], p = 0.003).<h4>Conclusion</h4>Postnatal CMV infection was associated with more positive hearing screenings, though no significant differences in neurodevelopmental outcomes were observed in early infancy. Exploration into the feasibility of incorporating hearing and CMV screening into routine care will play a vital role in early identification and intervention, improving the management of both hearing and CMV-related conditions in resource-limited settings. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-492b2c040fa84aef9ba8bd34212b9018 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
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| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj-art-492b2c040fa84aef9ba8bd34212b90182025-02-12T05:30:52ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032025-01-01202e031865510.1371/journal.pone.0318655Postnatal cytomegalovirus infection and its effect on hearing and neurodevelopmental outcomes among infants aged 3-10 months: A cohort study in Eastern Uganda.Noela Regina Akwi OkalanyDavid MukunyaPeter Olupot-OlupotMartin ChebetFrancis OkelloAndrew D WeeksFred BissoThorkild TylleskärKathy BurgoineIngunn Marie Stadskleiv Engebretsen<h4>Background</h4>Hearing impairment and neurodevelopmental disorders pose a significant global health burden in children. The link between postnatal cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and these outcomes remains unclear. This study explored the association of postnatal CMV infection with hearing and neurodevelopmental outcomes in term infants aged 3 to 10 months.<h4>Methods</h4>This was a cohort sub-study within the BabyGel cluster randomised trial in Eastern Uganda. From 1265 term infants screened for CMV, 219 were negative at birth but positive at 3 months, and were age-matched with 219 CMV-negative controls. CMV status was determined by PCR screening of saliva samples, with positive results confirmed using urine samples (Chai Open qPCR, Santa Clara, CA). From the established cohort, 424 infants were successfully followed up between 3 to 10 months of age. Clinical assessments included neurodevelopmental evaluation using the Malawi Developmental Assessment Tool, the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination, and hearing screening using Otoacoustic Emission testing (Otoport Lite, Otodynamics Limited). Statistical analyses were performed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests and log binomial regression models with Stata 18.<h4>Results</h4>Of the 424 infants included in the study, 206 were postnatal CMV-infected and 218 were uninfected. Neurodevelopmental assessments indicated no differences between postnatal CMV-infected infants and uninfected groups (ARR 0.88, 95% CI [0.67, 1.15], p = 0.346). Hearing screening revealed a 1.99-fold increased risk of a positive result for postnatal CMV-infected infants compared to uninfected infants (67/106 vs. 39/106, 95% CI [1.27, 3.12], p = 0.003).<h4>Conclusion</h4>Postnatal CMV infection was associated with more positive hearing screenings, though no significant differences in neurodevelopmental outcomes were observed in early infancy. Exploration into the feasibility of incorporating hearing and CMV screening into routine care will play a vital role in early identification and intervention, improving the management of both hearing and CMV-related conditions in resource-limited settings.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0318655 |
| spellingShingle | Noela Regina Akwi Okalany David Mukunya Peter Olupot-Olupot Martin Chebet Francis Okello Andrew D Weeks Fred Bisso Thorkild Tylleskär Kathy Burgoine Ingunn Marie Stadskleiv Engebretsen Postnatal cytomegalovirus infection and its effect on hearing and neurodevelopmental outcomes among infants aged 3-10 months: A cohort study in Eastern Uganda. PLoS ONE |
| title | Postnatal cytomegalovirus infection and its effect on hearing and neurodevelopmental outcomes among infants aged 3-10 months: A cohort study in Eastern Uganda. |
| title_full | Postnatal cytomegalovirus infection and its effect on hearing and neurodevelopmental outcomes among infants aged 3-10 months: A cohort study in Eastern Uganda. |
| title_fullStr | Postnatal cytomegalovirus infection and its effect on hearing and neurodevelopmental outcomes among infants aged 3-10 months: A cohort study in Eastern Uganda. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Postnatal cytomegalovirus infection and its effect on hearing and neurodevelopmental outcomes among infants aged 3-10 months: A cohort study in Eastern Uganda. |
| title_short | Postnatal cytomegalovirus infection and its effect on hearing and neurodevelopmental outcomes among infants aged 3-10 months: A cohort study in Eastern Uganda. |
| title_sort | postnatal cytomegalovirus infection and its effect on hearing and neurodevelopmental outcomes among infants aged 3 10 months a cohort study in eastern uganda |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0318655 |
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