Extensive off-fault damage around the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquake surface ruptures
Abstract Quantifying coseismic fault offsets for surface ruptures of major earthquakes is important for earthquake cycle and slip-rate studies, and thus for earthquake hazard assessments. However, measurements of such offsets generally underestimate fault slip due to inelastic deformation and second...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Nature Communications |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-56466-w |
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| author | Jihong Liu Sigurjón Jónsson Xing Li Wenqian Yao Yann Klinger |
| author_facet | Jihong Liu Sigurjón Jónsson Xing Li Wenqian Yao Yann Klinger |
| author_sort | Jihong Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Quantifying coseismic fault offsets for surface ruptures of major earthquakes is important for earthquake cycle and slip-rate studies, and thus for earthquake hazard assessments. However, measurements of such offsets generally underestimate fault slip due to inelastic deformation and secondary fault offsets, i.e., off-fault damage. Here, we use satellite synthetic aperture radar images to quantify off-fault damage in the two 2023 Kahramanmaraş (Türkiye) magnitude 7.8 and 7.6 earthquakes. We first derive three-dimensional coseismic surface displacements and show that on average ~35% of the coseismic slip is accommodated by off-fault damage within 5–7 km of the coseismic surface ruptures. Fault sections exhibiting geometrical complexities (e.g., bends and step-overs) experienced a higher level of off-fault damage than simpler fault sections. Our results highlight the importance of extending off-fault damage assessments to several km away from fault ruptures and indicate that fault offset measurements may underestimate slip-rate estimations by as much as a third. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6460b152712b4e65adef291275f1f3ce |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2041-1723 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nature Communications |
| spelling | doaj-art-6460b152712b4e65adef291275f1f3ce2025-02-09T12:45:19ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-02-0116111110.1038/s41467-025-56466-wExtensive off-fault damage around the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquake surface rupturesJihong Liu0Sigurjón Jónsson1Xing Li2Wenqian Yao3Yann Klinger4King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Université Paris Cité, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRSUniversité Paris Cité, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRSAbstract Quantifying coseismic fault offsets for surface ruptures of major earthquakes is important for earthquake cycle and slip-rate studies, and thus for earthquake hazard assessments. However, measurements of such offsets generally underestimate fault slip due to inelastic deformation and secondary fault offsets, i.e., off-fault damage. Here, we use satellite synthetic aperture radar images to quantify off-fault damage in the two 2023 Kahramanmaraş (Türkiye) magnitude 7.8 and 7.6 earthquakes. We first derive three-dimensional coseismic surface displacements and show that on average ~35% of the coseismic slip is accommodated by off-fault damage within 5–7 km of the coseismic surface ruptures. Fault sections exhibiting geometrical complexities (e.g., bends and step-overs) experienced a higher level of off-fault damage than simpler fault sections. Our results highlight the importance of extending off-fault damage assessments to several km away from fault ruptures and indicate that fault offset measurements may underestimate slip-rate estimations by as much as a third.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-56466-w |
| spellingShingle | Jihong Liu Sigurjón Jónsson Xing Li Wenqian Yao Yann Klinger Extensive off-fault damage around the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquake surface ruptures Nature Communications |
| title | Extensive off-fault damage around the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquake surface ruptures |
| title_full | Extensive off-fault damage around the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquake surface ruptures |
| title_fullStr | Extensive off-fault damage around the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquake surface ruptures |
| title_full_unstemmed | Extensive off-fault damage around the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquake surface ruptures |
| title_short | Extensive off-fault damage around the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquake surface ruptures |
| title_sort | extensive off fault damage around the 2023 kahramanmaras earthquake surface ruptures |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-56466-w |
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