Two new nonrandomized response models for surveys on sensitive topics

If the direct questioning in surveys on sensitive variables leads to non-ignorable nonresponse and untruthful answers, a considerably biased estimator might be the consequence. For such cases, the higher complexity of the indirect questioning designs such as the nonrandomized response models may pa...

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Main Author: Andreas Quatember
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: European Survey Research Association 2025-01-01
Series:Survey Research Methods
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Online Access:https://ojs.ub.uni-konstanz.de/srm/article/view/8309
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author Andreas Quatember
author_facet Andreas Quatember
author_sort Andreas Quatember
collection DOAJ
description If the direct questioning in surveys on sensitive variables leads to non-ignorable nonresponse and untruthful answers, a considerably biased estimator might be the consequence. For such cases, the higher complexity of the indirect questioning designs such as the nonrandomized response models may pay off in terms of estimation accuracy assuming an increase in respondents’ cooperation. In this methodological article, two new nonrandomized response questioning designs are proposed that are simple to implement in several survey modes and easy to understand. These models, the double triangular model and the flat parallel model, are nonrandomized versions of two well-established and practically applied methods, the forced and the contamination method, to overcome the limitations of these randomized response techniques. Additionally, the theory of all nonrandomized response models is developed for general probability sampling under one theoretical roof. Moreover, all these models are compared from the point of view of their respective levels of privacy protection. The flat parallel model combines the advantages of the other models and can thus have a positive effect on both, cooperation willingness and estimation accuracy.
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spelling doaj-art-66477b6e071648b1a13d846f9151efc42025-02-09T14:16:08ZengEuropean Survey Research AssociationSurvey Research Methods1864-33612025-01-01183Two new nonrandomized response models for surveys on sensitive topicsAndreas Quatember0Johannes Kepler University JKU Linz If the direct questioning in surveys on sensitive variables leads to non-ignorable nonresponse and untruthful answers, a considerably biased estimator might be the consequence. For such cases, the higher complexity of the indirect questioning designs such as the nonrandomized response models may pay off in terms of estimation accuracy assuming an increase in respondents’ cooperation. In this methodological article, two new nonrandomized response questioning designs are proposed that are simple to implement in several survey modes and easy to understand. These models, the double triangular model and the flat parallel model, are nonrandomized versions of two well-established and practically applied methods, the forced and the contamination method, to overcome the limitations of these randomized response techniques. Additionally, the theory of all nonrandomized response models is developed for general probability sampling under one theoretical roof. Moreover, all these models are compared from the point of view of their respective levels of privacy protection. The flat parallel model combines the advantages of the other models and can thus have a positive effect on both, cooperation willingness and estimation accuracy. https://ojs.ub.uni-konstanz.de/srm/article/view/8309Indirect questioning designsrandomized response techniquesprivacy protectionnonresponseuntruthful answering
spellingShingle Andreas Quatember
Two new nonrandomized response models for surveys on sensitive topics
Survey Research Methods
Indirect questioning designs
randomized response techniques
privacy protection
nonresponse
untruthful answering
title Two new nonrandomized response models for surveys on sensitive topics
title_full Two new nonrandomized response models for surveys on sensitive topics
title_fullStr Two new nonrandomized response models for surveys on sensitive topics
title_full_unstemmed Two new nonrandomized response models for surveys on sensitive topics
title_short Two new nonrandomized response models for surveys on sensitive topics
title_sort two new nonrandomized response models for surveys on sensitive topics
topic Indirect questioning designs
randomized response techniques
privacy protection
nonresponse
untruthful answering
url https://ojs.ub.uni-konstanz.de/srm/article/view/8309
work_keys_str_mv AT andreasquatember twonewnonrandomizedresponsemodelsforsurveysonsensitivetopics