Non-pharmacological interventions for the reduction and maintenance of blood pressure in people with prehypertension: a systematic review protocol
Introduction Prehypertension is defined as blood pressure that is above the normal range but not high enough to be classed as hypertension. Prehypertension is a warning of development of hypertension as well as a risk for cardiovascular disease, heart attack and stroke. In the UK, non-pharmacologica...
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BMJ Publishing Group
2024-01-01
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| Series: | BMJ Open |
| Online Access: | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/14/1/e078189.full |
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| author | Paul Rutter Andrew Clegg Valerio Benedetto Caroline Watkins Nefyn Williams Joseph Spencer Lucy Hives Emma P Bray Cath Harris Rachel F Georgiou Nafisa Iqbal |
| author_facet | Paul Rutter Andrew Clegg Valerio Benedetto Caroline Watkins Nefyn Williams Joseph Spencer Lucy Hives Emma P Bray Cath Harris Rachel F Georgiou Nafisa Iqbal |
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| description | Introduction Prehypertension is defined as blood pressure that is above the normal range but not high enough to be classed as hypertension. Prehypertension is a warning of development of hypertension as well as a risk for cardiovascular disease, heart attack and stroke. In the UK, non-pharmacological interventions are recommended for prehypertension management but no reviews have focused on the effectiveness of these types of interventions solely in people with prehypertension. Therefore, the proposed systematic review will assess the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions in reducing or maintaining blood pressure in prehypertensive people.Methods and analysis This systematic review will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The databases/trial registries that will be searched to identify relevant randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and economic evaluations include Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, CENTRAL, the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, ClinicalTrials.gov, Cochrane Library, Scopus and the International HTA Database. Search terms have been identified by the team including an information specialist. Three reviewers will be involved in the study selection process. Risk of bias will be evaluated using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for RCTs and the Consensus Health Economic Criteria list for economic evaluations. Findings from the included studies will be tabulated and synthesised narratively. Heterogeneity will be assessed through visual inspection of forest plots and the calculation of the χ2 and I2 statistics and causes of heterogeneity will be assessed where sufficient data are available. If possible, we plan to investigate differential effects on specific subgroups and from different types of interventions using meta-regression. Where relevant, the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) will be used to assess the certainty of the evidence found.Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval is not needed. Results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal, disseminated via the wider study website and shared with the study sites and participants.Registration details The review is registered with PROSPERO (CRD420232433047). |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6afa23f7c23e45b192c5fb145ba356fe |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2044-6055 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMJ Open |
| spelling | doaj-art-6afa23f7c23e45b192c5fb145ba356fe2025-02-12T08:55:09ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552024-01-0114110.1136/bmjopen-2023-078189Non-pharmacological interventions for the reduction and maintenance of blood pressure in people with prehypertension: a systematic review protocolPaul Rutter0Andrew Clegg1Valerio Benedetto2Caroline Watkins3Nefyn Williams4Joseph Spencer5Lucy Hives6Emma P Bray7Cath Harris8Rachel F Georgiou9Nafisa Iqbal10Pharmacy Practice, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UKAcademic Unit for Ageing and Stroke Research, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of Leeds, Bradford, UKSynthesis, Economic Evaluation and Decision Science Group, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK1 University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UKPrimary Care, Department of Primary Care and Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UKResearch Facilitation and Delivery Unit, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UKSchool of Community Health and Midwifery, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK1 University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK1 University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UKStroke Research Team, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UKStroke Research Team, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UKIntroduction Prehypertension is defined as blood pressure that is above the normal range but not high enough to be classed as hypertension. Prehypertension is a warning of development of hypertension as well as a risk for cardiovascular disease, heart attack and stroke. In the UK, non-pharmacological interventions are recommended for prehypertension management but no reviews have focused on the effectiveness of these types of interventions solely in people with prehypertension. Therefore, the proposed systematic review will assess the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions in reducing or maintaining blood pressure in prehypertensive people.Methods and analysis This systematic review will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The databases/trial registries that will be searched to identify relevant randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and economic evaluations include Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, CENTRAL, the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, ClinicalTrials.gov, Cochrane Library, Scopus and the International HTA Database. Search terms have been identified by the team including an information specialist. Three reviewers will be involved in the study selection process. Risk of bias will be evaluated using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for RCTs and the Consensus Health Economic Criteria list for economic evaluations. Findings from the included studies will be tabulated and synthesised narratively. Heterogeneity will be assessed through visual inspection of forest plots and the calculation of the χ2 and I2 statistics and causes of heterogeneity will be assessed where sufficient data are available. If possible, we plan to investigate differential effects on specific subgroups and from different types of interventions using meta-regression. Where relevant, the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) will be used to assess the certainty of the evidence found.Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval is not needed. Results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal, disseminated via the wider study website and shared with the study sites and participants.Registration details The review is registered with PROSPERO (CRD420232433047).https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/14/1/e078189.full |
| spellingShingle | Paul Rutter Andrew Clegg Valerio Benedetto Caroline Watkins Nefyn Williams Joseph Spencer Lucy Hives Emma P Bray Cath Harris Rachel F Georgiou Nafisa Iqbal Non-pharmacological interventions for the reduction and maintenance of blood pressure in people with prehypertension: a systematic review protocol BMJ Open |
| title | Non-pharmacological interventions for the reduction and maintenance of blood pressure in people with prehypertension: a systematic review protocol |
| title_full | Non-pharmacological interventions for the reduction and maintenance of blood pressure in people with prehypertension: a systematic review protocol |
| title_fullStr | Non-pharmacological interventions for the reduction and maintenance of blood pressure in people with prehypertension: a systematic review protocol |
| title_full_unstemmed | Non-pharmacological interventions for the reduction and maintenance of blood pressure in people with prehypertension: a systematic review protocol |
| title_short | Non-pharmacological interventions for the reduction and maintenance of blood pressure in people with prehypertension: a systematic review protocol |
| title_sort | non pharmacological interventions for the reduction and maintenance of blood pressure in people with prehypertension a systematic review protocol |
| url | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/14/1/e078189.full |
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