Ficus deltoidea standardized methanolic extract improves kidney structure and function against streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats
Background: Oxidative stress and peripheral insulin resistance are the key pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. We have previously demonstrated that Ficus deltoidea increases insulin secretion and improves tissue regeneration by reducing oxidative stress in diabetic rats. However, it remains uncert...
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Elsevier
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Phytomedicine Plus |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667031324001581 |
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| author | Nurdiana Samsulrizal Noor Syaffinaz Noor Mohamad Zin Nur Syimal`ain Azmi Mohd Daud Bakar Hafandi Ahmad Yong-Meng Goh |
| author_facet | Nurdiana Samsulrizal Noor Syaffinaz Noor Mohamad Zin Nur Syimal`ain Azmi Mohd Daud Bakar Hafandi Ahmad Yong-Meng Goh |
| author_sort | Nurdiana Samsulrizal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Oxidative stress and peripheral insulin resistance are the key pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. We have previously demonstrated that Ficus deltoidea increases insulin secretion and improves tissue regeneration by reducing oxidative stress in diabetic rats. However, it remains uncertain whether F. deltoidea could delay the progression of nephropathy. Hypothesis/Purpose: This study aimed to examine the nephroprotective effects of F. deltoidea on streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats. Methods: High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was used to identify the flavonoid compounds in the leaf extract of F. deltoidea. The methanolic extract of F. deltoidea was administered orally at 1000 mg/kg body weight for eight weeks to diabetic rats. Serum creatinine, urea, uric acid, total bilirubin, and urinary creatinine were measured to estimate kidney function. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) assessed the levels of oxidative stress, antioxidants, and apoptosis-related proteins in the kidney tissue. The spectral markers related to nephroprotective activity were predicted using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometric analysis. Histomorphometric evaluations were performed on the kidney sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Results: HPLC identified the presence of vitexin, isovitexin, quercetin, and kaempferol in F. deltoidea methanolic leaves extract. The biochemical and histological examinations consistently showed that F. deltoidea extract improved kidney structure and function by reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis. We noticed that biochemical and pathological changes corresponded to the infrared (IR) peaks at 1545 cm-1 and 1511 cm-1 (amide II), 1246 cm-1 (DNA/RNA phosphate backbones), and 1181 cm-1 (C–O vibrations). Multivariate analysis of IR spectra demonstrated that the diabetic rats treated with F. deltoidea extract had a similar clustering pattern to that of the normal animals. Conclusion: These findings indicate that the methanolic extract of F. deltoidea exhibits nephroprotective activity. FTIR spectroscopy may be useful for monitoring structural and biochemical alterations in the kidney during diabetes treatment. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6ddc8df98d5845cd92bc035fa9d0e30e |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2667-0313 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| series | Phytomedicine Plus |
| spelling | doaj-art-6ddc8df98d5845cd92bc035fa9d0e30e2025-02-10T04:35:07ZengElsevierPhytomedicine Plus2667-03132025-02-0151100684Ficus deltoidea standardized methanolic extract improves kidney structure and function against streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in ratsNurdiana Samsulrizal0Noor Syaffinaz Noor Mohamad Zin1Nur Syimal`ain Azmi2Mohd Daud Bakar3Hafandi Ahmad4Yong-Meng Goh5TuAH Industrial Research, Lab with Bio Fluid Sdn Bhd, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; Corresponding author.TuAH Industrial Research, Lab with Bio Fluid Sdn Bhd, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, MalaysiaTuAH Industrial Research, Lab with Bio Fluid Sdn Bhd, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, MalaysiaBio Fluid Sdn Bhd, 70, Jalan Bulan U5/172, Subang 2, 40150 Shah Alam, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, MalaysiaBackground: Oxidative stress and peripheral insulin resistance are the key pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. We have previously demonstrated that Ficus deltoidea increases insulin secretion and improves tissue regeneration by reducing oxidative stress in diabetic rats. However, it remains uncertain whether F. deltoidea could delay the progression of nephropathy. Hypothesis/Purpose: This study aimed to examine the nephroprotective effects of F. deltoidea on streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats. Methods: High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was used to identify the flavonoid compounds in the leaf extract of F. deltoidea. The methanolic extract of F. deltoidea was administered orally at 1000 mg/kg body weight for eight weeks to diabetic rats. Serum creatinine, urea, uric acid, total bilirubin, and urinary creatinine were measured to estimate kidney function. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) assessed the levels of oxidative stress, antioxidants, and apoptosis-related proteins in the kidney tissue. The spectral markers related to nephroprotective activity were predicted using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometric analysis. Histomorphometric evaluations were performed on the kidney sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Results: HPLC identified the presence of vitexin, isovitexin, quercetin, and kaempferol in F. deltoidea methanolic leaves extract. The biochemical and histological examinations consistently showed that F. deltoidea extract improved kidney structure and function by reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis. We noticed that biochemical and pathological changes corresponded to the infrared (IR) peaks at 1545 cm-1 and 1511 cm-1 (amide II), 1246 cm-1 (DNA/RNA phosphate backbones), and 1181 cm-1 (C–O vibrations). Multivariate analysis of IR spectra demonstrated that the diabetic rats treated with F. deltoidea extract had a similar clustering pattern to that of the normal animals. Conclusion: These findings indicate that the methanolic extract of F. deltoidea exhibits nephroprotective activity. FTIR spectroscopy may be useful for monitoring structural and biochemical alterations in the kidney during diabetes treatment.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667031324001581ChemometricsFicus deltoideaFTIRKidneyStreptozotocin-induced diabetes |
| spellingShingle | Nurdiana Samsulrizal Noor Syaffinaz Noor Mohamad Zin Nur Syimal`ain Azmi Mohd Daud Bakar Hafandi Ahmad Yong-Meng Goh Ficus deltoidea standardized methanolic extract improves kidney structure and function against streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats Phytomedicine Plus Chemometrics Ficus deltoidea FTIR Kidney Streptozotocin-induced diabetes |
| title | Ficus deltoidea standardized methanolic extract improves kidney structure and function against streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats |
| title_full | Ficus deltoidea standardized methanolic extract improves kidney structure and function against streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats |
| title_fullStr | Ficus deltoidea standardized methanolic extract improves kidney structure and function against streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ficus deltoidea standardized methanolic extract improves kidney structure and function against streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats |
| title_short | Ficus deltoidea standardized methanolic extract improves kidney structure and function against streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats |
| title_sort | ficus deltoidea standardized methanolic extract improves kidney structure and function against streptozotocin induced diabetic nephropathy in rats |
| topic | Chemometrics Ficus deltoidea FTIR Kidney Streptozotocin-induced diabetes |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667031324001581 |
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