Impacts of Sandstorms on Chemistries of Ambient PAHs in a Small City in North China
Abstract Sandstorm events frequently perplex northern China, addressing the people’s concern due to subsequent increases in the toxicity and carcinogenicity of PM2.5-bound PAHs (PB-PAHs) in receptor area of sand dust. Here, we enacted a field campaign in a small city between Beijing and Baoding in s...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Springer
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Aerosol and Air Quality Research |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.220460 |
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| author | Zhiyong Li Zhen Zhai Jixiang Liu Lan Chen Zhuangzhuang Ren Chen Liu Ziyi Zhan Ziyuan Yue Wenjia Zhu Jihong Wei Huiying Gao Songtao Guo |
| author_facet | Zhiyong Li Zhen Zhai Jixiang Liu Lan Chen Zhuangzhuang Ren Chen Liu Ziyi Zhan Ziyuan Yue Wenjia Zhu Jihong Wei Huiying Gao Songtao Guo |
| author_sort | Zhiyong Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Sandstorm events frequently perplex northern China, addressing the people’s concern due to subsequent increases in the toxicity and carcinogenicity of PM2.5-bound PAHs (PB-PAHs) in receptor area of sand dust. Here, we enacted a field campaign in a small city between Beijing and Baoding in spring of 2021 covering the sandstorm period (SSP) and non-sandstorm period (NSSP) to examine the sandstorm impacts on chemistries of PB-PAHs. SSP exhibited a slightly high average PAH concentrations of 10.3 ng m−3 than 9.16 ng m−3 in the NSSP. At the same time, the average PM2.5 concentrations obviously increased from 60.7 µg m−3 to 75.2 µg m−3. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis manifested that sandstorm largely enhanced the oil leakage and combustion (OLC) fractions from 18.0% in the NSSP to 34.4% in the SSP. Potential source contribution function (PSCF) indicated that OLC partly came from sandstorm origin area–Inner Mongolia. Low diagnostic ratios of FA/(FA + PY) in the SSP also indicated OLC was more important. Accordingly, the largest contributor of incremental lifetime cancer risks (ILCRs) changed from vehicle exhaust (VE) (36.2%) in the NSSP to OLC (34.4%) in the SSP. VE and industrial emission (IE) contributions decreased obviously due to emission control and traffic limitation in the SSP. Coal burning (CB) still held a high contribution to PAHs regardless of the implementation of “coal to gas” law in the sampling area. In addition, sandstorms increased the levels of high molecular weight PAHs (HMW-PAHs) with high toxicity by 4.07%. ILCRs for adults and children increased from 3.90 × 10−7 to 4.74 × 10−7 and from 2.41 × 10−7 to 2.93 × 10−7, respectively, in the SSP, which should be more concerned. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7275f6369f884317a01f35d31be2d1f0 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1680-8584 2071-1409 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Aerosol and Air Quality Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-7275f6369f884317a01f35d31be2d1f02025-02-09T12:21:55ZengSpringerAerosol and Air Quality Research1680-85842071-14092023-03-0123411410.4209/aaqr.220460Impacts of Sandstorms on Chemistries of Ambient PAHs in a Small City in North ChinaZhiyong Li0Zhen Zhai1Jixiang Liu2Lan Chen3Zhuangzhuang Ren4Chen Liu5Ziyi Zhan6Ziyuan Yue7Wenjia Zhu8Jihong Wei9Huiying Gao10Songtao Guo11Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power UniversityHebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power UniversityHebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power UniversityHebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power UniversityHebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power UniversityHebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power UniversityHebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power UniversityHebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power UniversityHebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power UniversityDepartment of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei UniversityHebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power UniversityBBMG Liushui Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd.Abstract Sandstorm events frequently perplex northern China, addressing the people’s concern due to subsequent increases in the toxicity and carcinogenicity of PM2.5-bound PAHs (PB-PAHs) in receptor area of sand dust. Here, we enacted a field campaign in a small city between Beijing and Baoding in spring of 2021 covering the sandstorm period (SSP) and non-sandstorm period (NSSP) to examine the sandstorm impacts on chemistries of PB-PAHs. SSP exhibited a slightly high average PAH concentrations of 10.3 ng m−3 than 9.16 ng m−3 in the NSSP. At the same time, the average PM2.5 concentrations obviously increased from 60.7 µg m−3 to 75.2 µg m−3. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis manifested that sandstorm largely enhanced the oil leakage and combustion (OLC) fractions from 18.0% in the NSSP to 34.4% in the SSP. Potential source contribution function (PSCF) indicated that OLC partly came from sandstorm origin area–Inner Mongolia. Low diagnostic ratios of FA/(FA + PY) in the SSP also indicated OLC was more important. Accordingly, the largest contributor of incremental lifetime cancer risks (ILCRs) changed from vehicle exhaust (VE) (36.2%) in the NSSP to OLC (34.4%) in the SSP. VE and industrial emission (IE) contributions decreased obviously due to emission control and traffic limitation in the SSP. Coal burning (CB) still held a high contribution to PAHs regardless of the implementation of “coal to gas” law in the sampling area. In addition, sandstorms increased the levels of high molecular weight PAHs (HMW-PAHs) with high toxicity by 4.07%. ILCRs for adults and children increased from 3.90 × 10−7 to 4.74 × 10−7 and from 2.41 × 10−7 to 2.93 × 10−7, respectively, in the SSP, which should be more concerned.https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.220460PM2.5PAHsSandstormSource apportionmentExposure risk |
| spellingShingle | Zhiyong Li Zhen Zhai Jixiang Liu Lan Chen Zhuangzhuang Ren Chen Liu Ziyi Zhan Ziyuan Yue Wenjia Zhu Jihong Wei Huiying Gao Songtao Guo Impacts of Sandstorms on Chemistries of Ambient PAHs in a Small City in North China Aerosol and Air Quality Research PM2.5 PAHs Sandstorm Source apportionment Exposure risk |
| title | Impacts of Sandstorms on Chemistries of Ambient PAHs in a Small City in North China |
| title_full | Impacts of Sandstorms on Chemistries of Ambient PAHs in a Small City in North China |
| title_fullStr | Impacts of Sandstorms on Chemistries of Ambient PAHs in a Small City in North China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impacts of Sandstorms on Chemistries of Ambient PAHs in a Small City in North China |
| title_short | Impacts of Sandstorms on Chemistries of Ambient PAHs in a Small City in North China |
| title_sort | impacts of sandstorms on chemistries of ambient pahs in a small city in north china |
| topic | PM2.5 PAHs Sandstorm Source apportionment Exposure risk |
| url | https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.220460 |
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