Evaluation of the Back-in-Action test Battery In Uninjured High School American Football Players
# Background Return to sport testing is an established routine, especially for athletes who have ruptured their anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Various tests are performed, often combined in test batteries, such as the Back-in-action (BIA) test battery. Unfortunately, pre-injury performance is of...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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North American Sports Medicine Institute
2023-06-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.75367 |
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| author | Marcel Rohde Alina Ruhlemann Andre Busch Ulrich Grunwald Marcus Jaeger Constantin Mayer |
| author_facet | Marcel Rohde Alina Ruhlemann Andre Busch Ulrich Grunwald Marcus Jaeger Constantin Mayer |
| author_sort | Marcel Rohde |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | # Background
Return to sport testing is an established routine, especially for athletes who have ruptured their anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Various tests are performed, often combined in test batteries, such as the Back-in-action (BIA) test battery. Unfortunately, pre-injury performance is often unknown, and only few athletes pass the high demands of these test batteries.
# Purpose
The aim of the study was to determine the performance of under 18 American football players on the BIA to establish pre-injury sport specific benchmarks for future RTS testing and to compare these values to data from an age-matched reference group.
# Methods
Fifty-three healthy male American football players underwent a functional assessment using the “Back-in-action” test battery evaluating agility, speed (Parkour-Jumps and Quick-Feet test), balance (using a PC based balance board), and power (Counter-Movement-Jump [CMJ]) as objective measures. Their results were compared with a previously tested reference group (RP) and within the american football players (AF) through three subgroups according to field playing position.
# Results
Overall, the American football (AF) athletes showed lower balance scores for both legs (AF: 3.71/3.57/3.61; RP: 3.4/3.2/3.2; p<0.002) compared to the reference population (RP). CMJ height and Quick-Feet results were not statistically different (p>0.05), Parkour-Jump times (AF: 8.18/ 8.13 sec.; RP: 5.9/5.9sec.; p<0.001) were significantly slower. Power output in all CMJ’s (AF: 46.86/36.94/37.36 W/kg; RP: 43.2/29.5/29 W/kg; p<0.001) was significantly higher than the RP. Passing and running game involved players (G2 & G3) showed significantly better balance scores (G2+G3: 3.36/3.27/3.33; G1: 4.22/4.06/4.10; p<0.001), higher jump height (G2&G3: 38.87/24.02/24.96 cm; G1: 32.03/19.50/18.96 cm; p<0.001) and more watts/kg (G2&G3: 48.83/37.21/37.64 W/kg; G1: 43.95/36.88/36.53 W/kg; p<0.001) compared to blocking players like Linemen (G1) and to the age matched reference population (RP).
# Conclusion
Only 53% of the healthy athletes would have been cleared for sport using the BIA test criteria, which highlights the challenging passing criteria. Despite significantly greater power measurements, scores of balance and agility were poorer compared to the reference group, especially for linemen. These data may serve as sport and position specific reference for high school American football players, instead of using the non-specific reference group data.
# Study design
cross-sectional study-
# Level of evidence
IIb |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-798f0077f4b44826962603ef8f857d6b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2159-2896 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | North American Sports Medicine Institute |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy |
| spelling | doaj-art-798f0077f4b44826962603ef8f857d6b2025-02-11T20:30:07ZengNorth American Sports Medicine InstituteInternational Journal of Sports Physical Therapy2159-28962023-06-01183Evaluation of the Back-in-Action test Battery In Uninjured High School American Football PlayersMarcel RohdeAlina RuhlemannAndre BuschUlrich GrunwaldMarcus JaegerConstantin Mayer# Background Return to sport testing is an established routine, especially for athletes who have ruptured their anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Various tests are performed, often combined in test batteries, such as the Back-in-action (BIA) test battery. Unfortunately, pre-injury performance is often unknown, and only few athletes pass the high demands of these test batteries. # Purpose The aim of the study was to determine the performance of under 18 American football players on the BIA to establish pre-injury sport specific benchmarks for future RTS testing and to compare these values to data from an age-matched reference group. # Methods Fifty-three healthy male American football players underwent a functional assessment using the “Back-in-action” test battery evaluating agility, speed (Parkour-Jumps and Quick-Feet test), balance (using a PC based balance board), and power (Counter-Movement-Jump [CMJ]) as objective measures. Their results were compared with a previously tested reference group (RP) and within the american football players (AF) through three subgroups according to field playing position. # Results Overall, the American football (AF) athletes showed lower balance scores for both legs (AF: 3.71/3.57/3.61; RP: 3.4/3.2/3.2; p<0.002) compared to the reference population (RP). CMJ height and Quick-Feet results were not statistically different (p>0.05), Parkour-Jump times (AF: 8.18/ 8.13 sec.; RP: 5.9/5.9sec.; p<0.001) were significantly slower. Power output in all CMJ’s (AF: 46.86/36.94/37.36 W/kg; RP: 43.2/29.5/29 W/kg; p<0.001) was significantly higher than the RP. Passing and running game involved players (G2 & G3) showed significantly better balance scores (G2+G3: 3.36/3.27/3.33; G1: 4.22/4.06/4.10; p<0.001), higher jump height (G2&G3: 38.87/24.02/24.96 cm; G1: 32.03/19.50/18.96 cm; p<0.001) and more watts/kg (G2&G3: 48.83/37.21/37.64 W/kg; G1: 43.95/36.88/36.53 W/kg; p<0.001) compared to blocking players like Linemen (G1) and to the age matched reference population (RP). # Conclusion Only 53% of the healthy athletes would have been cleared for sport using the BIA test criteria, which highlights the challenging passing criteria. Despite significantly greater power measurements, scores of balance and agility were poorer compared to the reference group, especially for linemen. These data may serve as sport and position specific reference for high school American football players, instead of using the non-specific reference group data. # Study design cross-sectional study- # Level of evidence IIbhttps://doi.org/10.26603/001c.75367 |
| spellingShingle | Marcel Rohde Alina Ruhlemann Andre Busch Ulrich Grunwald Marcus Jaeger Constantin Mayer Evaluation of the Back-in-Action test Battery In Uninjured High School American Football Players International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy |
| title | Evaluation of the Back-in-Action test Battery In Uninjured High School American Football Players |
| title_full | Evaluation of the Back-in-Action test Battery In Uninjured High School American Football Players |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of the Back-in-Action test Battery In Uninjured High School American Football Players |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of the Back-in-Action test Battery In Uninjured High School American Football Players |
| title_short | Evaluation of the Back-in-Action test Battery In Uninjured High School American Football Players |
| title_sort | evaluation of the back in action test battery in uninjured high school american football players |
| url | https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.75367 |
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