Executive function deficit in patients with long COVID syndrome: A systematic review
Background: Post-COVID-19 condition (Long COVID) refers to a condition in which patients endure persistent symptoms for more than 12 weeks, typically occurring at least 3 months after the onset of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. It occurs when a constellation of symptoms persists foll...
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Elsevier
2025-02-01
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844025003676 |
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| author | Siti Maisarah Nasir Noorazrul Yahya Kah Hui Yap Hanani Abdul Manan |
| author_facet | Siti Maisarah Nasir Noorazrul Yahya Kah Hui Yap Hanani Abdul Manan |
| author_sort | Siti Maisarah Nasir |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Post-COVID-19 condition (Long COVID) refers to a condition in which patients endure persistent symptoms for more than 12 weeks, typically occurring at least 3 months after the onset of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. It occurs when a constellation of symptoms persists following the initial illness, and this may obstruct a daily routine and impose difficulty in life. Therefore, this study aimed to systematically review published articles assessing the neurocognitive profile of long COVID patients, with a specific emphasis on executive function (EF), and to determine the correlation between EF deficits and brain alterations through the utilisation of neuroimaging modalities. Methods: A thorough search was conducted using the PubMed/MEDLINE and Web of Science online databases following the PICOS and PRISMA 2020 guidelines. All included studies were deemed to be of high quality according to the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS). Results: A total of 31 out of 3268 articles were included in the present study. The main outcome is the proportion of individuals with cognitive deficits, particularly in the EF domain, as detected by neuropsychological assessments. The present study also revealed that EF deficits in long COVID patients are correlated with disruptions in the frontal and cerebellar regions, affecting processes such as nonverbal reasoning, executive aspects of language, and recall. This consistent disturbance also emphasised the correlation between EF deficits and brain alterations in patients with long COVID. Conclusion: The present study highlights the importance of evaluating EF deficits in long COVID patients. This insight has the potential to improve future treatments and interventions. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7a883df3d28144409de39efeef319bbf |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2405-8440 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Heliyon |
| spelling | doaj-art-7a883df3d28144409de39efeef319bbf2025-02-07T04:47:53ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402025-02-01113e41987Executive function deficit in patients with long COVID syndrome: A systematic reviewSiti Maisarah Nasir0Noorazrul Yahya1Kah Hui Yap2Hanani Abdul Manan3Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, 56 000, MalaysiaDiagnostic Imaging & Radiotherapy Program, School of Diagnostic & Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, 50300, MalaysiaDepartment of Psychology, Faculty of Behavioural Sciences, HELP University, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, 56 000, Malaysia; Department of Radiology and Intervency, Hospital Pakar Kanak-Kanak (Children Specialist Hospital), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Corresponding author. Makmal Pemprosesan Imej Kefungsian (Functional Image Processing Laboratory), Department of Radiology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, 56 000, Malaysia.Background: Post-COVID-19 condition (Long COVID) refers to a condition in which patients endure persistent symptoms for more than 12 weeks, typically occurring at least 3 months after the onset of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. It occurs when a constellation of symptoms persists following the initial illness, and this may obstruct a daily routine and impose difficulty in life. Therefore, this study aimed to systematically review published articles assessing the neurocognitive profile of long COVID patients, with a specific emphasis on executive function (EF), and to determine the correlation between EF deficits and brain alterations through the utilisation of neuroimaging modalities. Methods: A thorough search was conducted using the PubMed/MEDLINE and Web of Science online databases following the PICOS and PRISMA 2020 guidelines. All included studies were deemed to be of high quality according to the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS). Results: A total of 31 out of 3268 articles were included in the present study. The main outcome is the proportion of individuals with cognitive deficits, particularly in the EF domain, as detected by neuropsychological assessments. The present study also revealed that EF deficits in long COVID patients are correlated with disruptions in the frontal and cerebellar regions, affecting processes such as nonverbal reasoning, executive aspects of language, and recall. This consistent disturbance also emphasised the correlation between EF deficits and brain alterations in patients with long COVID. Conclusion: The present study highlights the importance of evaluating EF deficits in long COVID patients. This insight has the potential to improve future treatments and interventions.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844025003676Long COVIDExecutive functionShiftingInhibitionWorking memoryNeurocognitive |
| spellingShingle | Siti Maisarah Nasir Noorazrul Yahya Kah Hui Yap Hanani Abdul Manan Executive function deficit in patients with long COVID syndrome: A systematic review Heliyon Long COVID Executive function Shifting Inhibition Working memory Neurocognitive |
| title | Executive function deficit in patients with long COVID syndrome: A systematic review |
| title_full | Executive function deficit in patients with long COVID syndrome: A systematic review |
| title_fullStr | Executive function deficit in patients with long COVID syndrome: A systematic review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Executive function deficit in patients with long COVID syndrome: A systematic review |
| title_short | Executive function deficit in patients with long COVID syndrome: A systematic review |
| title_sort | executive function deficit in patients with long covid syndrome a systematic review |
| topic | Long COVID Executive function Shifting Inhibition Working memory Neurocognitive |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844025003676 |
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