Black Carbon Exposure Characteristics in Diesel Engine Vehicle-related Jobs
Abstract We aimed to characterize the black carbon (BC) exposure from eight types of jobs involving diesel engine vehicles—namely, machinery operation, forklift operation, automobile assembly, garbage collection, garbage truck driving, delivery, toll operation, and crane operation—across seven indus...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Springer
2021-05-01
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| Series: | Aerosol and Air Quality Research |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.200675 |
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| author | Sangjun Choi Ju-Hyun Park Won Kim Seung Won Kim Kyong-Hui Lee Taejin Chung Jihoon Park Seung-Hun Ryu Jungah Shin Dong-Hee Koh Dong-Uk Park |
| author_facet | Sangjun Choi Ju-Hyun Park Won Kim Seung Won Kim Kyong-Hui Lee Taejin Chung Jihoon Park Seung-Hun Ryu Jungah Shin Dong-Hee Koh Dong-Uk Park |
| author_sort | Sangjun Choi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract We aimed to characterize the black carbon (BC) exposure from eight types of jobs involving diesel engine vehicles—namely, machinery operation, forklift operation, automobile assembly, garbage collection, garbage truck driving, delivery, toll operation, and crane operation—across seven industries. The workers chosen for this study (N = 106) measured their exposure every minute using an AE51 microAethalometer affixed to a microcyclone and also recorded their time-activity patterns and whereabouts in detail during working hours. We then categorized and analyzed 71,987 of these 1-min observations based on four potential exposure determinants: the operation of a diesel engine vehicle (yes or no), proximity to the source of BC (near or far), location of the workplace (indoor or outdoor), and type of work (moving or stationary). Among the participants, the geometric mean (GM) exposure was highest for forklift operators in indoor environments (9.5 µg m−3), followed by toll operators (GM = 7.4 µg m−3), machinery operators (GM = 7.4 µg m−3), and garbage collectors (GM = 5.5 µg m−3). After accounting for the random effects of the individual workers and working dates (evaluated per occupation) as well as the fixed effects of the determinants and their pairwise interaction terms (p < 0.001), we found that all four of the determinants significantly differed in their associated levels of BC exposure. In particular, working near instead of far from diesel engine equipment doubled the average level of exposure. Additionally, upon investigating different combinations of the determinants, we identified proximity to diesel exhaust sources and indoor working conditions as the main factors of BC exposure. Thus, installing diesel particulate filters on diesel engine vehicles effectively reduces exposure. Our findings potentially contribute to the development of a model that predicts the level of exposure for various types of jobs. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-86b1f807c6744d6486dea6eebe66e2a4 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1680-8584 2071-1409 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Aerosol and Air Quality Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-86b1f807c6744d6486dea6eebe66e2a42025-02-09T12:21:25ZengSpringerAerosol and Air Quality Research1680-85842071-14092021-05-0121911510.4209/aaqr.200675Black Carbon Exposure Characteristics in Diesel Engine Vehicle-related JobsSangjun Choi0Ju-Hyun Park1Won Kim2Seung Won Kim3Kyong-Hui Lee4Taejin Chung5Jihoon Park6Seung-Hun Ryu7Jungah Shin8Dong-Hee Koh9Dong-Uk Park10Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of KoreaDepartment of Statistics, Dongguk UniversityWonjin Institute for Occupational and Environmental HealthDepartment of Public Health, Keimyung UniversityForce Health Protection & Preventive Medicine, MEDDAC-KoreaDepartment of EHS Consulting, EHS Friends Co., Ltd.Accident Response Coordination Division, National Institute of Chemical Safety, Ministry of EnvironmentHumidifier Disinfectant Health Center, National Institute of Environmental ResearchInstitute of Occupation and Environment, Korea Workers’ Compensation and Welfare ServiceDepartment of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, International St. Mary’s Hospital, Catholic Kwandong UniversityDepartment of Environmental Health, Korea National Open UniversityAbstract We aimed to characterize the black carbon (BC) exposure from eight types of jobs involving diesel engine vehicles—namely, machinery operation, forklift operation, automobile assembly, garbage collection, garbage truck driving, delivery, toll operation, and crane operation—across seven industries. The workers chosen for this study (N = 106) measured their exposure every minute using an AE51 microAethalometer affixed to a microcyclone and also recorded their time-activity patterns and whereabouts in detail during working hours. We then categorized and analyzed 71,987 of these 1-min observations based on four potential exposure determinants: the operation of a diesel engine vehicle (yes or no), proximity to the source of BC (near or far), location of the workplace (indoor or outdoor), and type of work (moving or stationary). Among the participants, the geometric mean (GM) exposure was highest for forklift operators in indoor environments (9.5 µg m−3), followed by toll operators (GM = 7.4 µg m−3), machinery operators (GM = 7.4 µg m−3), and garbage collectors (GM = 5.5 µg m−3). After accounting for the random effects of the individual workers and working dates (evaluated per occupation) as well as the fixed effects of the determinants and their pairwise interaction terms (p < 0.001), we found that all four of the determinants significantly differed in their associated levels of BC exposure. In particular, working near instead of far from diesel engine equipment doubled the average level of exposure. Additionally, upon investigating different combinations of the determinants, we identified proximity to diesel exhaust sources and indoor working conditions as the main factors of BC exposure. Thus, installing diesel particulate filters on diesel engine vehicles effectively reduces exposure. Our findings potentially contribute to the development of a model that predicts the level of exposure for various types of jobs.https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.200675Black carbonDeterminantDiesel engine exhaust emissionsDiesel particulate filter |
| spellingShingle | Sangjun Choi Ju-Hyun Park Won Kim Seung Won Kim Kyong-Hui Lee Taejin Chung Jihoon Park Seung-Hun Ryu Jungah Shin Dong-Hee Koh Dong-Uk Park Black Carbon Exposure Characteristics in Diesel Engine Vehicle-related Jobs Aerosol and Air Quality Research Black carbon Determinant Diesel engine exhaust emissions Diesel particulate filter |
| title | Black Carbon Exposure Characteristics in Diesel Engine Vehicle-related Jobs |
| title_full | Black Carbon Exposure Characteristics in Diesel Engine Vehicle-related Jobs |
| title_fullStr | Black Carbon Exposure Characteristics in Diesel Engine Vehicle-related Jobs |
| title_full_unstemmed | Black Carbon Exposure Characteristics in Diesel Engine Vehicle-related Jobs |
| title_short | Black Carbon Exposure Characteristics in Diesel Engine Vehicle-related Jobs |
| title_sort | black carbon exposure characteristics in diesel engine vehicle related jobs |
| topic | Black carbon Determinant Diesel engine exhaust emissions Diesel particulate filter |
| url | https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.200675 |
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