Weight loss-independent changes in human growth hormone during water-only fasting: a secondary evaluation of a randomized controlled trial
IntroductionWater-only fasting for one day or more may provide health benefits independent of weight loss. Human growth hormone (HGH) may play a key role in multiple fasting-triggered mechanisms. Whether HGH changes during fasting are independent of weight loss and how basal HGH and HGH change relat...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-02-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2024.1401780/full |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1825206632006549504 |
|---|---|
| author | Benjamin D. Horne Benjamin D. Horne Benjamin D. Horne Jeffrey L. Anderson Jeffrey L. Anderson Heidi T. May Tami L. Bair Viet T. Le Viet T. Le Leslie Iverson Kirk U. Knowlton Kirk U. Knowlton Joseph B. Muhlestein Joseph B. Muhlestein |
| author_facet | Benjamin D. Horne Benjamin D. Horne Benjamin D. Horne Jeffrey L. Anderson Jeffrey L. Anderson Heidi T. May Tami L. Bair Viet T. Le Viet T. Le Leslie Iverson Kirk U. Knowlton Kirk U. Knowlton Joseph B. Muhlestein Joseph B. Muhlestein |
| author_sort | Benjamin D. Horne |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionWater-only fasting for one day or more may provide health benefits independent of weight loss. Human growth hormone (HGH) may play a key role in multiple fasting-triggered mechanisms. Whether HGH changes during fasting are independent of weight loss and how basal HGH and HGH change relate to other fasting-induced changes are unknown.MethodsApparently healthy individuals (N=30) were randomized by Latin square to begin two days with either 24-hour water-only fasting or a control of 24-hour ad libitum eating. On day 2, subjects were crossed over to control (if day 1 was fasting) or fasting (if they ate on day 1). HGH, weight, and other parameters were measured at baseline and at the end of the first and second days.ResultsBaseline HGH had median 0.50 ng/mL for females (n=20) and 0.04 ng/mL for males (n=10), and correlated inversely with weight, glucose, insulin, and triglycerides and positively with changes in insulin and HOMA-IR. The 24-hour fasting-induced HGH change was uncorrelated with weight loss (r= 0.01, p=0.98), but correlated with changes in glucose, HGB, and IGF-1. The percent increase in HGH was greater (p<0.001) for lower (females ≤0.15 ng/mL, males ≤0.05 ng/mL) vs. higher baseline HGH (median: 1,225% vs. 50.3%, respectively). Subjects with lower baseline HGH had a trend to greater reduction of HOMA-IR (median: -6.15 vs. -1.35 for lower vs. higher HGH, respectively, p=0.08).ConclusionsFasting increased HGH and the HGH changes were independent of weight loss. Basal HGH and fasting-induced HGH changes correlated inversely with cardiometabolic risk factors.Clinical Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT01059760. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-878b9ce0a20e49b98b6a9eac1a862ab3 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1664-2392 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
| spelling | doaj-art-878b9ce0a20e49b98b6a9eac1a862ab32025-02-07T08:03:40ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Endocrinology1664-23922025-02-011510.3389/fendo.2024.14017801401780Weight loss-independent changes in human growth hormone during water-only fasting: a secondary evaluation of a randomized controlled trialBenjamin D. Horne0Benjamin D. Horne1Benjamin D. Horne2Jeffrey L. Anderson3Jeffrey L. Anderson4Heidi T. May5Tami L. Bair6Viet T. Le7Viet T. Le8Leslie Iverson9Kirk U. Knowlton10Kirk U. Knowlton11Joseph B. Muhlestein12Joseph B. Muhlestein13Cardiovascular Department, Intermountain Medical Center Heart Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, United StatesDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United StatesCardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United StatesCardiovascular Department, Intermountain Medical Center Heart Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, United StatesCardiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United StatesCardiovascular Department, Intermountain Medical Center Heart Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, United StatesCardiovascular Department, Intermountain Medical Center Heart Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, United StatesCardiovascular Department, Intermountain Medical Center Heart Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, United StatesPhysician Assistant Department, Rocky Mountain University of Health Professions, Provo, UT, United StatesCardiovascular Department, Intermountain Medical Center Heart Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, United StatesCardiovascular Department, Intermountain Medical Center Heart Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, United StatesCardiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United StatesCardiovascular Department, Intermountain Medical Center Heart Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, United StatesCardiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United StatesIntroductionWater-only fasting for one day or more may provide health benefits independent of weight loss. Human growth hormone (HGH) may play a key role in multiple fasting-triggered mechanisms. Whether HGH changes during fasting are independent of weight loss and how basal HGH and HGH change relate to other fasting-induced changes are unknown.MethodsApparently healthy individuals (N=30) were randomized by Latin square to begin two days with either 24-hour water-only fasting or a control of 24-hour ad libitum eating. On day 2, subjects were crossed over to control (if day 1 was fasting) or fasting (if they ate on day 1). HGH, weight, and other parameters were measured at baseline and at the end of the first and second days.ResultsBaseline HGH had median 0.50 ng/mL for females (n=20) and 0.04 ng/mL for males (n=10), and correlated inversely with weight, glucose, insulin, and triglycerides and positively with changes in insulin and HOMA-IR. The 24-hour fasting-induced HGH change was uncorrelated with weight loss (r= 0.01, p=0.98), but correlated with changes in glucose, HGB, and IGF-1. The percent increase in HGH was greater (p<0.001) for lower (females ≤0.15 ng/mL, males ≤0.05 ng/mL) vs. higher baseline HGH (median: 1,225% vs. 50.3%, respectively). Subjects with lower baseline HGH had a trend to greater reduction of HOMA-IR (median: -6.15 vs. -1.35 for lower vs. higher HGH, respectively, p=0.08).ConclusionsFasting increased HGH and the HGH changes were independent of weight loss. Basal HGH and fasting-induced HGH changes correlated inversely with cardiometabolic risk factors.Clinical Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT01059760.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2024.1401780/fullintermittent fastingprolonged fastingextended fastingperiodic fastingweight-loss |
| spellingShingle | Benjamin D. Horne Benjamin D. Horne Benjamin D. Horne Jeffrey L. Anderson Jeffrey L. Anderson Heidi T. May Tami L. Bair Viet T. Le Viet T. Le Leslie Iverson Kirk U. Knowlton Kirk U. Knowlton Joseph B. Muhlestein Joseph B. Muhlestein Weight loss-independent changes in human growth hormone during water-only fasting: a secondary evaluation of a randomized controlled trial Frontiers in Endocrinology intermittent fasting prolonged fasting extended fasting periodic fasting weight-loss |
| title | Weight loss-independent changes in human growth hormone during water-only fasting: a secondary evaluation of a randomized controlled trial |
| title_full | Weight loss-independent changes in human growth hormone during water-only fasting: a secondary evaluation of a randomized controlled trial |
| title_fullStr | Weight loss-independent changes in human growth hormone during water-only fasting: a secondary evaluation of a randomized controlled trial |
| title_full_unstemmed | Weight loss-independent changes in human growth hormone during water-only fasting: a secondary evaluation of a randomized controlled trial |
| title_short | Weight loss-independent changes in human growth hormone during water-only fasting: a secondary evaluation of a randomized controlled trial |
| title_sort | weight loss independent changes in human growth hormone during water only fasting a secondary evaluation of a randomized controlled trial |
| topic | intermittent fasting prolonged fasting extended fasting periodic fasting weight-loss |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2024.1401780/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT benjamindhorne weightlossindependentchangesinhumangrowthhormoneduringwateronlyfastingasecondaryevaluationofarandomizedcontrolledtrial AT benjamindhorne weightlossindependentchangesinhumangrowthhormoneduringwateronlyfastingasecondaryevaluationofarandomizedcontrolledtrial AT benjamindhorne weightlossindependentchangesinhumangrowthhormoneduringwateronlyfastingasecondaryevaluationofarandomizedcontrolledtrial AT jeffreylanderson weightlossindependentchangesinhumangrowthhormoneduringwateronlyfastingasecondaryevaluationofarandomizedcontrolledtrial AT jeffreylanderson weightlossindependentchangesinhumangrowthhormoneduringwateronlyfastingasecondaryevaluationofarandomizedcontrolledtrial AT heiditmay weightlossindependentchangesinhumangrowthhormoneduringwateronlyfastingasecondaryevaluationofarandomizedcontrolledtrial AT tamilbair weightlossindependentchangesinhumangrowthhormoneduringwateronlyfastingasecondaryevaluationofarandomizedcontrolledtrial AT viettle weightlossindependentchangesinhumangrowthhormoneduringwateronlyfastingasecondaryevaluationofarandomizedcontrolledtrial AT viettle weightlossindependentchangesinhumangrowthhormoneduringwateronlyfastingasecondaryevaluationofarandomizedcontrolledtrial AT leslieiverson weightlossindependentchangesinhumangrowthhormoneduringwateronlyfastingasecondaryevaluationofarandomizedcontrolledtrial AT kirkuknowlton weightlossindependentchangesinhumangrowthhormoneduringwateronlyfastingasecondaryevaluationofarandomizedcontrolledtrial AT kirkuknowlton weightlossindependentchangesinhumangrowthhormoneduringwateronlyfastingasecondaryevaluationofarandomizedcontrolledtrial AT josephbmuhlestein weightlossindependentchangesinhumangrowthhormoneduringwateronlyfastingasecondaryevaluationofarandomizedcontrolledtrial AT josephbmuhlestein weightlossindependentchangesinhumangrowthhormoneduringwateronlyfastingasecondaryevaluationofarandomizedcontrolledtrial |