Optimizing fast charging protocols for lithium-ion batteries using reinforcement learning: Balancing speed, efficiency, and longevity

Although lithium-ion batteries are essential for contemporary energy storage applications, maintaining battery longevity, safety, and health frequently clashes with the requirement for quick charging. The problem of developing rapid charging protocols to strike a balance between battery protection a...

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Main Authors: Khairy Sayed, Mahmoud Aref, Mishari Metab Almalki, Mahmoud A. Mossa
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-03-01
Series:Results in Engineering
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025003561
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author Khairy Sayed
Mahmoud Aref
Mishari Metab Almalki
Mahmoud A. Mossa
author_facet Khairy Sayed
Mahmoud Aref
Mishari Metab Almalki
Mahmoud A. Mossa
author_sort Khairy Sayed
collection DOAJ
description Although lithium-ion batteries are essential for contemporary energy storage applications, maintaining battery longevity, safety, and health frequently clashes with the requirement for quick charging. The problem of developing rapid charging protocols to strike a balance between battery protection and charging speed is addressed in this work. We create an adaptive charging strategy that dynamically modifies charging rates in response to battery conditions while respecting safety limitations including voltage and temperature limits using Reinforcement Learning (RL). In order to maximize performance metrics and avoid degradation, the RL agent is trained in a simulated environment.To examine their effects on charging time, capacity, temperature, deterioration, energy efficiency, and State of Health (SoH), five charging profiles—constant, decreasing, and alternating current techniques—are assessed. The findings show that quicker charging profiles speed up deterioration, raise temperature, and hasten the drop of SoH even though they shorten charging times. Slower profiles, on the other hand, improve long-term battery health and efficiency by controlling temperature and minimizing deterioration, even though they require longer charging times.The RL-based approach balances quick charging with battery preservation by implementing a reward system that penalizes dangerous conditions like high voltage or temperature in order to lessen these trade-offs. These results highlight the necessity of sophisticated charging processes to maximize efficiency in battery-dependent systems, such as electric cars and portable devices.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2590-1230
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publishDate 2025-03-01
publisher Elsevier
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series Results in Engineering
spelling doaj-art-8d1b77040247474884cdf3a63b1847df2025-02-10T04:34:47ZengElsevierResults in Engineering2590-12302025-03-0125104302Optimizing fast charging protocols for lithium-ion batteries using reinforcement learning: Balancing speed, efficiency, and longevityKhairy Sayed0Mahmoud Aref1Mishari Metab Almalki2Mahmoud A. Mossa3Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Sohag University, Sohag 1646130, Egypt; Electrical Engineering Department, Grove School of Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031 USADepartment of Electrical Engineering, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, EgyptDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Baha University, Alaqiq 65779-7738, Saudi ArabiaElectrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minia 61111, Egypt; Corresponding author.Although lithium-ion batteries are essential for contemporary energy storage applications, maintaining battery longevity, safety, and health frequently clashes with the requirement for quick charging. The problem of developing rapid charging protocols to strike a balance between battery protection and charging speed is addressed in this work. We create an adaptive charging strategy that dynamically modifies charging rates in response to battery conditions while respecting safety limitations including voltage and temperature limits using Reinforcement Learning (RL). In order to maximize performance metrics and avoid degradation, the RL agent is trained in a simulated environment.To examine their effects on charging time, capacity, temperature, deterioration, energy efficiency, and State of Health (SoH), five charging profiles—constant, decreasing, and alternating current techniques—are assessed. The findings show that quicker charging profiles speed up deterioration, raise temperature, and hasten the drop of SoH even though they shorten charging times. Slower profiles, on the other hand, improve long-term battery health and efficiency by controlling temperature and minimizing deterioration, even though they require longer charging times.The RL-based approach balances quick charging with battery preservation by implementing a reward system that penalizes dangerous conditions like high voltage or temperature in order to lessen these trade-offs. These results highlight the necessity of sophisticated charging processes to maximize efficiency in battery-dependent systems, such as electric cars and portable devices.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025003561Reinforcement learningLithium-ion batteriesState of healthReward functionCharging speed and battery protection
spellingShingle Khairy Sayed
Mahmoud Aref
Mishari Metab Almalki
Mahmoud A. Mossa
Optimizing fast charging protocols for lithium-ion batteries using reinforcement learning: Balancing speed, efficiency, and longevity
Results in Engineering
Reinforcement learning
Lithium-ion batteries
State of health
Reward function
Charging speed and battery protection
title Optimizing fast charging protocols for lithium-ion batteries using reinforcement learning: Balancing speed, efficiency, and longevity
title_full Optimizing fast charging protocols for lithium-ion batteries using reinforcement learning: Balancing speed, efficiency, and longevity
title_fullStr Optimizing fast charging protocols for lithium-ion batteries using reinforcement learning: Balancing speed, efficiency, and longevity
title_full_unstemmed Optimizing fast charging protocols for lithium-ion batteries using reinforcement learning: Balancing speed, efficiency, and longevity
title_short Optimizing fast charging protocols for lithium-ion batteries using reinforcement learning: Balancing speed, efficiency, and longevity
title_sort optimizing fast charging protocols for lithium ion batteries using reinforcement learning balancing speed efficiency and longevity
topic Reinforcement learning
Lithium-ion batteries
State of health
Reward function
Charging speed and battery protection
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025003561
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AT mahmoudaref optimizingfastchargingprotocolsforlithiumionbatteriesusingreinforcementlearningbalancingspeedefficiencyandlongevity
AT misharimetabalmalki optimizingfastchargingprotocolsforlithiumionbatteriesusingreinforcementlearningbalancingspeedefficiencyandlongevity
AT mahmoudamossa optimizingfastchargingprotocolsforlithiumionbatteriesusingreinforcementlearningbalancingspeedefficiencyandlongevity