Ionized and total magnesium levels and health outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Abstract Magnesium (Mg) is a vital trace element in cellular processes, including glucose metabolism and insulin action. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of dysmagnesemia among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its relationship with glycaemic control and diabetic complicatio...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Nature Portfolio
2025-02-01
|
| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-88081-6 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1823862317674135552 |
|---|---|
| author | Juhaina Salim Al-Maqbali Salwa Al Harasi Qasim Al Mamary Henrik Falhammar Ibrahim Al-Zakwani Mohammed Al Za’abi Abdullah M. Al Alawi |
| author_facet | Juhaina Salim Al-Maqbali Salwa Al Harasi Qasim Al Mamary Henrik Falhammar Ibrahim Al-Zakwani Mohammed Al Za’abi Abdullah M. Al Alawi |
| author_sort | Juhaina Salim Al-Maqbali |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Magnesium (Mg) is a vital trace element in cellular processes, including glucose metabolism and insulin action. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of dysmagnesemia among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its relationship with glycaemic control and diabetic complications. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (SQUH) from August 1, 2023, to April 30, 2024. The study included adult patients with T2DM treated with oral hypoglycemic agents (OHA), insulin, glucagon-like-peptide 1 (GLP-1) injections or their combinations. Both ionized (iMg) and total (tMg) concentrations were measured and the iMg/tMg ratio was calculated. A total of 329 patients with T2DM of which179 females (54.4%), were studied. Hypomagnesemia was observed in 10.0% based on iMg concentrations and 56.2% based on tMg concentrations, while hypermagnesemia was observed in 11.85% (iMg) and 1.82% (tMg). A positive correlation was found between iMg and tMg (r = 0.589, p < 0.01). Hypermagnesemia was associated with higher serum creatinine concentrations (p < 0.01) and lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (p = 0.026). An iMg/tMg ratio above 80% was associated with elevated HbA1c levels, while ratios below 60% were associated with diabetic retinopathy and hypertension. Dysmagnesemia was common among patients with T2DM. The iMg/tMg ratio was associated with diabetic control and presence of complications. The iMg/tMg ratio could be further studied as a potential marker for glycemic control. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8e389411e0dd4b61af41a1744de119ce |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-8e389411e0dd4b61af41a1744de119ce2025-02-09T12:35:47ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-02-0115111110.1038/s41598-025-88081-6Ionized and total magnesium levels and health outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitusJuhaina Salim Al-Maqbali0Salwa Al Harasi1Qasim Al Mamary2Henrik Falhammar3Ibrahim Al-Zakwani4Mohammed Al Za’abi5Abdullah M. Al Alawi6Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos UniversityInternal Medicine Residency Training Program, Oman Medical Specialty BoardDepartment of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, University Medical CityDepartment of Endocrinology, Karolinska University HospitalDepartment of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos UniversityDepartment of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos UniversityInternal Medicine Residency Training Program, Oman Medical Specialty BoardAbstract Magnesium (Mg) is a vital trace element in cellular processes, including glucose metabolism and insulin action. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of dysmagnesemia among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its relationship with glycaemic control and diabetic complications. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (SQUH) from August 1, 2023, to April 30, 2024. The study included adult patients with T2DM treated with oral hypoglycemic agents (OHA), insulin, glucagon-like-peptide 1 (GLP-1) injections or their combinations. Both ionized (iMg) and total (tMg) concentrations were measured and the iMg/tMg ratio was calculated. A total of 329 patients with T2DM of which179 females (54.4%), were studied. Hypomagnesemia was observed in 10.0% based on iMg concentrations and 56.2% based on tMg concentrations, while hypermagnesemia was observed in 11.85% (iMg) and 1.82% (tMg). A positive correlation was found between iMg and tMg (r = 0.589, p < 0.01). Hypermagnesemia was associated with higher serum creatinine concentrations (p < 0.01) and lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (p = 0.026). An iMg/tMg ratio above 80% was associated with elevated HbA1c levels, while ratios below 60% were associated with diabetic retinopathy and hypertension. Dysmagnesemia was common among patients with T2DM. The iMg/tMg ratio was associated with diabetic control and presence of complications. The iMg/tMg ratio could be further studied as a potential marker for glycemic control.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-88081-6MagnesiumDysmagnesemiaMagnesium-ionType 2 diabetes mellitusGlycaemic controlDiabetic complications |
| spellingShingle | Juhaina Salim Al-Maqbali Salwa Al Harasi Qasim Al Mamary Henrik Falhammar Ibrahim Al-Zakwani Mohammed Al Za’abi Abdullah M. Al Alawi Ionized and total magnesium levels and health outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus Scientific Reports Magnesium Dysmagnesemia Magnesium-ion Type 2 diabetes mellitus Glycaemic control Diabetic complications |
| title | Ionized and total magnesium levels and health outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| title_full | Ionized and total magnesium levels and health outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| title_fullStr | Ionized and total magnesium levels and health outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ionized and total magnesium levels and health outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| title_short | Ionized and total magnesium levels and health outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| title_sort | ionized and total magnesium levels and health outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| topic | Magnesium Dysmagnesemia Magnesium-ion Type 2 diabetes mellitus Glycaemic control Diabetic complications |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-88081-6 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT juhainasalimalmaqbali ionizedandtotalmagnesiumlevelsandhealthoutcomesinpatientswithtype2diabetesmellitus AT salwaalharasi ionizedandtotalmagnesiumlevelsandhealthoutcomesinpatientswithtype2diabetesmellitus AT qasimalmamary ionizedandtotalmagnesiumlevelsandhealthoutcomesinpatientswithtype2diabetesmellitus AT henrikfalhammar ionizedandtotalmagnesiumlevelsandhealthoutcomesinpatientswithtype2diabetesmellitus AT ibrahimalzakwani ionizedandtotalmagnesiumlevelsandhealthoutcomesinpatientswithtype2diabetesmellitus AT mohammedalzaabi ionizedandtotalmagnesiumlevelsandhealthoutcomesinpatientswithtype2diabetesmellitus AT abdullahmalalawi ionizedandtotalmagnesiumlevelsandhealthoutcomesinpatientswithtype2diabetesmellitus |