Biochar effects on durum wheat (Triticum durum) under ambient and elevated atmospheric CO2
Wheat has a pivotal role in food chains and human diet, and the understanding of its productive and qualitative performance under elevated CO2 (e[CO2]) is therefore a primary research target. While e[CO2] generally boosts wheat yield and biomass, major concerns remain about the impact on qualitative...
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Elsevier
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Journal of Agriculture and Food Research |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666154325000900 |
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| author | Lorenzo Brilli Franz-Werner Badeck Lorenzo Genesio Silvia Baronti Fulvia Rizza Clara Fares Luigi Cattivelli Franco Miglietta Anita Maienza Alessandro Zaldei Federica Camin Rosella Motzo Piero Toscano |
| author_facet | Lorenzo Brilli Franz-Werner Badeck Lorenzo Genesio Silvia Baronti Fulvia Rizza Clara Fares Luigi Cattivelli Franco Miglietta Anita Maienza Alessandro Zaldei Federica Camin Rosella Motzo Piero Toscano |
| author_sort | Lorenzo Brilli |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Wheat has a pivotal role in food chains and human diet, and the understanding of its productive and qualitative performance under elevated CO2 (e[CO2]) is therefore a primary research target. While e[CO2] generally boosts wheat yield and biomass, major concerns remain about the impact on qualitative traits. The use of biochar as amendment, thanks to its well-known ability to improve soil fertility and crop production and quality, could be a suitable solution to cope with the negative effect of e[CO2] on qualitative traits. To test this hypothesis, we present the results of an open field experiment investigating the combined effects of biochar application and e[CO2] on quantitative and qualitative performance of two commercial durum wheat (Triticum durum) cultivars (Aureo and Claudio). The experimental design included plots treated without [B0] or with 30 t ha−1 of biochar as amendment [B30] and grown at ambient a[CO2] and e[CO2] (570 ppm). Results indicated that biochar increased soil temperatures by +1 °C during winter, thus favouring an earlier phenology and average biomass (+10 % and +7.2 %) and yield (+13.2 % and +8.5 %) increase in both a[CO2] and e[CO2] treatments compared to the no biochar [B0] treatments. Biochar treatments also increased flag leaf chlorophyll and decreased flavonoids, and enhanced intrinsic water use efficiency due to increases in photosynthesis and decreases in stomatal conductance. Spike density, falling number and thousand kernel weight were positively and significantly altered by biochar amendment, whilst the remaining parameters mostly differed between cultivars only. By contrast, biochar application did not alleviate nitrogen reduction in grains and straw in both cultivars neither increase grain protein content, although it remained sufficient for pasta making under all treatment combinations. Accordingly, biochar use could be preferentially adopted for increasing the productivity of high-quality cultivars whose destination and industrial processing would not suffer from a decrease in quality parameters. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-913f4bad1a7e4b78bb49c5749a1af194 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2666-1543 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| series | Journal of Agriculture and Food Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-913f4bad1a7e4b78bb49c5749a1af1942025-02-12T05:32:49ZengElsevierJournal of Agriculture and Food Research2666-15432025-03-0119101719Biochar effects on durum wheat (Triticum durum) under ambient and elevated atmospheric CO2Lorenzo Brilli0Franz-Werner Badeck1Lorenzo Genesio2Silvia Baronti3Fulvia Rizza4Clara Fares5Luigi Cattivelli6Franco Miglietta7Anita Maienza8Alessandro Zaldei9Federica Camin10Rosella Motzo11Piero Toscano12Institute of BioEconomy - National Research Council (IBE CNR) Via Madonna del Piano 10 Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Firenze, Italy; Corresponding author.Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Via San Protaso 302, 29017, Fiorenzuola d’Arda, ItalyInstitute of BioEconomy - National Research Council (IBE CNR) Via Madonna del Piano 10 Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Firenze, ItalyInstitute of BioEconomy - National Research Council (IBE CNR) Via Madonna del Piano 10 Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Firenze, ItalyCouncil for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Via San Protaso 302, 29017, Fiorenzuola d’Arda, ItalyCouncil for Agricultural Research and Economics, – Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), SS 673, km 25.200, 71122, Foggia, ItalyCouncil for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Via San Protaso 302, 29017, Fiorenzuola d’Arda, ItalyInstitute of BioEconomy - National Research Council (IBE CNR) Via Madonna del Piano 10 Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Firenze, ItalyInstitute of BioEconomy - National Research Council (IBE CNR) Via Madonna del Piano 10 Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Firenze, ItalyInstitute of BioEconomy - National Research Council (IBE CNR) Via Madonna del Piano 10 Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Firenze, ItalyCentre for Agriculture, Food and Environment (C3A), University of Trento and Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38098, San Michele all’Adige, TN, ItalyDipartimento di Agraria, Sez. Agronomia, Coltivazioni erbacee e Genetica, Via de Nicola 1, 07100, Sassari, ItalyInstitute of BioEconomy - National Research Council (IBE CNR) Via Madonna del Piano 10 Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Firenze, ItalyWheat has a pivotal role in food chains and human diet, and the understanding of its productive and qualitative performance under elevated CO2 (e[CO2]) is therefore a primary research target. While e[CO2] generally boosts wheat yield and biomass, major concerns remain about the impact on qualitative traits. The use of biochar as amendment, thanks to its well-known ability to improve soil fertility and crop production and quality, could be a suitable solution to cope with the negative effect of e[CO2] on qualitative traits. To test this hypothesis, we present the results of an open field experiment investigating the combined effects of biochar application and e[CO2] on quantitative and qualitative performance of two commercial durum wheat (Triticum durum) cultivars (Aureo and Claudio). The experimental design included plots treated without [B0] or with 30 t ha−1 of biochar as amendment [B30] and grown at ambient a[CO2] and e[CO2] (570 ppm). Results indicated that biochar increased soil temperatures by +1 °C during winter, thus favouring an earlier phenology and average biomass (+10 % and +7.2 %) and yield (+13.2 % and +8.5 %) increase in both a[CO2] and e[CO2] treatments compared to the no biochar [B0] treatments. Biochar treatments also increased flag leaf chlorophyll and decreased flavonoids, and enhanced intrinsic water use efficiency due to increases in photosynthesis and decreases in stomatal conductance. Spike density, falling number and thousand kernel weight were positively and significantly altered by biochar amendment, whilst the remaining parameters mostly differed between cultivars only. By contrast, biochar application did not alleviate nitrogen reduction in grains and straw in both cultivars neither increase grain protein content, although it remained sufficient for pasta making under all treatment combinations. Accordingly, biochar use could be preferentially adopted for increasing the productivity of high-quality cultivars whose destination and industrial processing would not suffer from a decrease in quality parameters.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666154325000900Durum wheatFree-air carbon dioxide enrichmentCrop productionQualityBiocharElevated CO2 |
| spellingShingle | Lorenzo Brilli Franz-Werner Badeck Lorenzo Genesio Silvia Baronti Fulvia Rizza Clara Fares Luigi Cattivelli Franco Miglietta Anita Maienza Alessandro Zaldei Federica Camin Rosella Motzo Piero Toscano Biochar effects on durum wheat (Triticum durum) under ambient and elevated atmospheric CO2 Journal of Agriculture and Food Research Durum wheat Free-air carbon dioxide enrichment Crop production Quality Biochar Elevated CO2 |
| title | Biochar effects on durum wheat (Triticum durum) under ambient and elevated atmospheric CO2 |
| title_full | Biochar effects on durum wheat (Triticum durum) under ambient and elevated atmospheric CO2 |
| title_fullStr | Biochar effects on durum wheat (Triticum durum) under ambient and elevated atmospheric CO2 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biochar effects on durum wheat (Triticum durum) under ambient and elevated atmospheric CO2 |
| title_short | Biochar effects on durum wheat (Triticum durum) under ambient and elevated atmospheric CO2 |
| title_sort | biochar effects on durum wheat triticum durum under ambient and elevated atmospheric co2 |
| topic | Durum wheat Free-air carbon dioxide enrichment Crop production Quality Biochar Elevated CO2 |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666154325000900 |
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