Associations between brominated flame retardants exposure and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Mediation analysis in the NHANES
Background: Exposure to brominated flame retardants (BFRs) may negatively impact human health. The association of BFRs with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the general population is unclear. Meanwhile, limited studies have investigated the potential role of oxidative stress and inflammat...
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Elsevier
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651325000983 |
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| author | Yulan Cheng Jingyi Su Xiangdong Wang Ruiyao Huang Zixuan Zhao Kai Tian Tianxiang Gu Xiaoke Wang Lin Chen Xinyuan Zhao |
| author_facet | Yulan Cheng Jingyi Su Xiangdong Wang Ruiyao Huang Zixuan Zhao Kai Tian Tianxiang Gu Xiaoke Wang Lin Chen Xinyuan Zhao |
| author_sort | Yulan Cheng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Exposure to brominated flame retardants (BFRs) may negatively impact human health. The association of BFRs with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the general population is unclear. Meanwhile, limited studies have investigated the potential role of oxidative stress and inflammation in this link. Methods: We included 4110 adults from the 2009–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). NAFLD was diagnosed by serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), hepatic steatosis index (HSI), and United States fatty liver index (USFLI). The link between a single BFR exposure and NAFLD was estimated using weighted logistic regression and restricted cubic splines (RCS). The quantile-based g-computation (QGC), weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression, and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were applied to evaluate the overall correlation of BFRs mixtures with NAFLD and identify significant compounds. Furthermore, we investigated the potential mediation function of oxidative stress and inflammation. Results: Our study demonstrated that specific concentrations of BFRs are related to an increased risk of NAFLD, both individually and when combined. PBB153, PBDE28, PBDE209, and PBDE153 exhibited the highest importance for NAFLD and were potential risk factors worthy of concern. Additionally, mediation analysis showed that absolute neutrophil cell count (ANC) and lymphocyte count (LC) (inflammation markers) have significantly mediated influences on the correlations of PBB153, PBDE85, and PBDE28 with N AFLD risk. Albumin (ALB) (oxidative stress marker) has notably mediated influences on the correlations of PBDE99, PBDE154, and PBDE85 with NAFLD risk. Men had higher serum BFRs concentrations than women, and the association between BFRs and NAFLD was also more prominent in men, which may be related to physiological differences between the sexes. Conclusions: Our findings offer evidence for single and mixed associations of BFRs and NAFLD in ordinary US adults. Furthermore, oxidative stress and chronic inflammation may mediate the effects of BFR exposure on NAFLD development. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-91cfb6f3efa84d90b0a75575b2a2886b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0147-6513 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| series | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
| spelling | doaj-art-91cfb6f3efa84d90b0a75575b2a2886b2025-02-12T05:30:15ZengElsevierEcotoxicology and Environmental Safety0147-65132025-01-01290117762Associations between brominated flame retardants exposure and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Mediation analysis in the NHANESYulan Cheng0Jingyi Su1Xiangdong Wang2Ruiyao Huang3Zixuan Zhao4Kai Tian5Tianxiang Gu6Xiaoke Wang7Lin Chen8Xinyuan Zhao9Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, ChinaDepartment of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, ChinaDepartment of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Nantong University Xinglin College, Nantong 226000, ChinaDepartment of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; Nantong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nantong, Jiangsu 226007, ChinaDepartment of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, ChinaDepartment of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, ChinaDepartment of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; Corresponding authors.Nantong Institute of Liver Diseases, Nantong Third People's Hospital Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China; Corresponding authors.Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; Corresponding authors.Background: Exposure to brominated flame retardants (BFRs) may negatively impact human health. The association of BFRs with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the general population is unclear. Meanwhile, limited studies have investigated the potential role of oxidative stress and inflammation in this link. Methods: We included 4110 adults from the 2009–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). NAFLD was diagnosed by serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), hepatic steatosis index (HSI), and United States fatty liver index (USFLI). The link between a single BFR exposure and NAFLD was estimated using weighted logistic regression and restricted cubic splines (RCS). The quantile-based g-computation (QGC), weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression, and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were applied to evaluate the overall correlation of BFRs mixtures with NAFLD and identify significant compounds. Furthermore, we investigated the potential mediation function of oxidative stress and inflammation. Results: Our study demonstrated that specific concentrations of BFRs are related to an increased risk of NAFLD, both individually and when combined. PBB153, PBDE28, PBDE209, and PBDE153 exhibited the highest importance for NAFLD and were potential risk factors worthy of concern. Additionally, mediation analysis showed that absolute neutrophil cell count (ANC) and lymphocyte count (LC) (inflammation markers) have significantly mediated influences on the correlations of PBB153, PBDE85, and PBDE28 with N AFLD risk. Albumin (ALB) (oxidative stress marker) has notably mediated influences on the correlations of PBDE99, PBDE154, and PBDE85 with NAFLD risk. Men had higher serum BFRs concentrations than women, and the association between BFRs and NAFLD was also more prominent in men, which may be related to physiological differences between the sexes. Conclusions: Our findings offer evidence for single and mixed associations of BFRs and NAFLD in ordinary US adults. Furthermore, oxidative stress and chronic inflammation may mediate the effects of BFR exposure on NAFLD development.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651325000983NHANESBrominated flame retardantsNon-alcoholic fatty liver diseaseChemical mixture exposureMediation analysis |
| spellingShingle | Yulan Cheng Jingyi Su Xiangdong Wang Ruiyao Huang Zixuan Zhao Kai Tian Tianxiang Gu Xiaoke Wang Lin Chen Xinyuan Zhao Associations between brominated flame retardants exposure and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Mediation analysis in the NHANES Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety NHANES Brominated flame retardants Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Chemical mixture exposure Mediation analysis |
| title | Associations between brominated flame retardants exposure and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Mediation analysis in the NHANES |
| title_full | Associations between brominated flame retardants exposure and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Mediation analysis in the NHANES |
| title_fullStr | Associations between brominated flame retardants exposure and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Mediation analysis in the NHANES |
| title_full_unstemmed | Associations between brominated flame retardants exposure and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Mediation analysis in the NHANES |
| title_short | Associations between brominated flame retardants exposure and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Mediation analysis in the NHANES |
| title_sort | associations between brominated flame retardants exposure and non alcoholic fatty liver disease mediation analysis in the nhanes |
| topic | NHANES Brominated flame retardants Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Chemical mixture exposure Mediation analysis |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651325000983 |
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