Modulating the anti-inflammatory and barrier protective effects on intestinal epithelial cells utilizing an aqueous Aspalathus linearis extract in vitro
Background: Rooibos is a natural herbal plant containing numerous unique polyphenols which have been associated with certain health benefits. Several of these bioactive constituents have been linked to promoting gut health through its beneficial actions such as anti-inflammatory and anti-spasmodic c...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2025-02-01
|
| Series: | Phytomedicine Plus |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667031324001520 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1823861195826790400 |
|---|---|
| author | Shana De Bruyn-Orr Stefan Abel Mariam Rado Mariska Lilly |
| author_facet | Shana De Bruyn-Orr Stefan Abel Mariam Rado Mariska Lilly |
| author_sort | Shana De Bruyn-Orr |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Rooibos is a natural herbal plant containing numerous unique polyphenols which have been associated with certain health benefits. Several of these bioactive constituents have been linked to promoting gut health through its beneficial actions such as anti-inflammatory and anti-spasmodic characteristics. Purpose: The study aims to compare the anti-inflammatory and barrier protective effects of an unfermented and fermented rooibos aqueous extract on intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2). Methods: Aqueous extracts of unfermented and fermented rooibos were prepared, and chemical and antioxidant analysis were performed of each extract. Intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) were pre-treated with either unfermented or fermented aqueous rooibos extracts (0.1 and 0.05 mg/ml) then exposed to 10 µg/ml of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cell viability, protein and gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines were investigated to determine the anti-inflammatory effect of both extracts. Barrier integrity of IPEC-J2 was investigated by measuring the Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and quantifying tight junction gene expression. Results: Both the unfermented and fermented rooibos extracts have significant anti-inflammatory properties by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Interestingly for certain genes (IL-8, IL-6, IL-1B and CCL20) the fermented extracts, specifically at 0.1 mg/ml, exhibited greater effectiveness by decreasing the expression after LPS-induced inflammation whilst for another gene (TNF-α) the unfermented extract at both concentrations was more efficient in decreasing expression and ultimately protecting the IPEC-J2 cells from inflammation. When evaluating the barrier integrity, 0.1 mg/ml of the unfermented rooibos extract showed the most significant barrier protective effects through upregulation of tight junction proteins, ZO-1, Occludin as well as Claudin-4. Conclusion: Higher concentration of the fermented rooibos extract prevented the inflammatory response significantly whilst the higher concentration of the unfermented rooibos extract enhanced tight junction expression and protected barrier integrity in LPS-induced inflamed intestinal cells. This is attributed to the differences in the polyphenol content of each extract and demonstrating the unique activity mechanisms of different rooibos extracts to reduce onset of early inflammation. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-930dbd738c2c4d9485ebae690df39637 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2667-0313 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Phytomedicine Plus |
| spelling | doaj-art-930dbd738c2c4d9485ebae690df396372025-02-10T04:35:06ZengElsevierPhytomedicine Plus2667-03132025-02-0151100678Modulating the anti-inflammatory and barrier protective effects on intestinal epithelial cells utilizing an aqueous Aspalathus linearis extract in vitroShana De Bruyn-Orr0Stefan Abel1Mariam Rado2Mariska Lilly3Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Wellness Science, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South AfricaApplied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South AfricaApplied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South AfricaApplied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Corresponding author.Background: Rooibos is a natural herbal plant containing numerous unique polyphenols which have been associated with certain health benefits. Several of these bioactive constituents have been linked to promoting gut health through its beneficial actions such as anti-inflammatory and anti-spasmodic characteristics. Purpose: The study aims to compare the anti-inflammatory and barrier protective effects of an unfermented and fermented rooibos aqueous extract on intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2). Methods: Aqueous extracts of unfermented and fermented rooibos were prepared, and chemical and antioxidant analysis were performed of each extract. Intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) were pre-treated with either unfermented or fermented aqueous rooibos extracts (0.1 and 0.05 mg/ml) then exposed to 10 µg/ml of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cell viability, protein and gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines were investigated to determine the anti-inflammatory effect of both extracts. Barrier integrity of IPEC-J2 was investigated by measuring the Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and quantifying tight junction gene expression. Results: Both the unfermented and fermented rooibos extracts have significant anti-inflammatory properties by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Interestingly for certain genes (IL-8, IL-6, IL-1B and CCL20) the fermented extracts, specifically at 0.1 mg/ml, exhibited greater effectiveness by decreasing the expression after LPS-induced inflammation whilst for another gene (TNF-α) the unfermented extract at both concentrations was more efficient in decreasing expression and ultimately protecting the IPEC-J2 cells from inflammation. When evaluating the barrier integrity, 0.1 mg/ml of the unfermented rooibos extract showed the most significant barrier protective effects through upregulation of tight junction proteins, ZO-1, Occludin as well as Claudin-4. Conclusion: Higher concentration of the fermented rooibos extract prevented the inflammatory response significantly whilst the higher concentration of the unfermented rooibos extract enhanced tight junction expression and protected barrier integrity in LPS-induced inflamed intestinal cells. This is attributed to the differences in the polyphenol content of each extract and demonstrating the unique activity mechanisms of different rooibos extracts to reduce onset of early inflammation.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667031324001520RooibosLPSInflammationBarrier integrityProtection |
| spellingShingle | Shana De Bruyn-Orr Stefan Abel Mariam Rado Mariska Lilly Modulating the anti-inflammatory and barrier protective effects on intestinal epithelial cells utilizing an aqueous Aspalathus linearis extract in vitro Phytomedicine Plus Rooibos LPS Inflammation Barrier integrity Protection |
| title | Modulating the anti-inflammatory and barrier protective effects on intestinal epithelial cells utilizing an aqueous Aspalathus linearis extract in vitro |
| title_full | Modulating the anti-inflammatory and barrier protective effects on intestinal epithelial cells utilizing an aqueous Aspalathus linearis extract in vitro |
| title_fullStr | Modulating the anti-inflammatory and barrier protective effects on intestinal epithelial cells utilizing an aqueous Aspalathus linearis extract in vitro |
| title_full_unstemmed | Modulating the anti-inflammatory and barrier protective effects on intestinal epithelial cells utilizing an aqueous Aspalathus linearis extract in vitro |
| title_short | Modulating the anti-inflammatory and barrier protective effects on intestinal epithelial cells utilizing an aqueous Aspalathus linearis extract in vitro |
| title_sort | modulating the anti inflammatory and barrier protective effects on intestinal epithelial cells utilizing an aqueous aspalathus linearis extract in vitro |
| topic | Rooibos LPS Inflammation Barrier integrity Protection |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667031324001520 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT shanadebruynorr modulatingtheantiinflammatoryandbarrierprotectiveeffectsonintestinalepithelialcellsutilizinganaqueousaspalathuslinearisextractinvitro AT stefanabel modulatingtheantiinflammatoryandbarrierprotectiveeffectsonintestinalepithelialcellsutilizinganaqueousaspalathuslinearisextractinvitro AT mariamrado modulatingtheantiinflammatoryandbarrierprotectiveeffectsonintestinalepithelialcellsutilizinganaqueousaspalathuslinearisextractinvitro AT mariskalilly modulatingtheantiinflammatoryandbarrierprotectiveeffectsonintestinalepithelialcellsutilizinganaqueousaspalathuslinearisextractinvitro |