Experimental Investigations of Self-adjusting Bionic Flaps on Low-aspect Ratio Wings
Self-adjusting flexible flap is a biomimetic passive flow control device, which is evolved by emulating the covert feathers on the upper wing of a bird. The effectiveness of such a flap was explored mostly for infinite or high aspect ratio (AR) wings from low to high Reynolds numbers (Re) in prior s...
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Isfahan University of Technology
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.jafmonline.net/article_2611_2c8247a6ff218498f0431cbd8f6af475.pdf |
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| author | A. Verma V. Kulkarni S. Shinde |
| author_facet | A. Verma V. Kulkarni S. Shinde |
| author_sort | A. Verma |
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| description | Self-adjusting flexible flap is a biomimetic passive flow control device, which is evolved by emulating the covert feathers on the upper wing of a bird. The effectiveness of such a flap was explored mostly for infinite or high aspect ratio (AR) wings from low to high Reynolds numbers (Re) in prior studies. However, the aerodynamic characteristics of a high AR wing are completely different from the lower one due to wingtip vortices. Therefore, in the present work, this flap is tested on a S5010 profiled wing of two different low ARs, 2.0 and 1.0, in the Re range of MAVs application. Three flap chord lengths (0.12c, 0.15c, and 0.20c) are examined at various chord-wise positions (0.3c to 0.8c). Results show that the optimal performance enhancement is achieved when flaps cover 80% of the wingspan for AR 2.0 and 70% for AR 1.0. The flap does not impact pre-stall wing performance, but it significantly improves post-stall lift and drag characteristics over the clean wing. Increasing the flap chord from 0.12c to 0.15c increases wing performance, but increases beyond 0.15c provide no additional beneficial effects. The optimal chord-wise position of the flap for better performance enhancement is near the mid-chord for both models. Multiple flap configurations have a relatively lower lift-enhancing capability than single flap configurations. The effect of Re on the flap effectiveness decreases with decreasing AR of the wing. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-943adde038a74932baf3a16390033b85 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1735-3572 1735-3645 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Isfahan University of Technology |
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| series | Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics |
| spelling | doaj-art-943adde038a74932baf3a16390033b852025-02-09T07:16:04ZengIsfahan University of TechnologyJournal of Applied Fluid Mechanics1735-35721735-36452025-02-01184992100610.47176/jafm.18.4.29222611Experimental Investigations of Self-adjusting Bionic Flaps on Low-aspect Ratio WingsA. Verma0V. Kulkarni1S. Shinde2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, IndiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, IndiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, U.P., 208016, IndiaSelf-adjusting flexible flap is a biomimetic passive flow control device, which is evolved by emulating the covert feathers on the upper wing of a bird. The effectiveness of such a flap was explored mostly for infinite or high aspect ratio (AR) wings from low to high Reynolds numbers (Re) in prior studies. However, the aerodynamic characteristics of a high AR wing are completely different from the lower one due to wingtip vortices. Therefore, in the present work, this flap is tested on a S5010 profiled wing of two different low ARs, 2.0 and 1.0, in the Re range of MAVs application. Three flap chord lengths (0.12c, 0.15c, and 0.20c) are examined at various chord-wise positions (0.3c to 0.8c). Results show that the optimal performance enhancement is achieved when flaps cover 80% of the wingspan for AR 2.0 and 70% for AR 1.0. The flap does not impact pre-stall wing performance, but it significantly improves post-stall lift and drag characteristics over the clean wing. Increasing the flap chord from 0.12c to 0.15c increases wing performance, but increases beyond 0.15c provide no additional beneficial effects. The optimal chord-wise position of the flap for better performance enhancement is near the mid-chord for both models. Multiple flap configurations have a relatively lower lift-enhancing capability than single flap configurations. The effect of Re on the flap effectiveness decreases with decreasing AR of the wing.https://www.jafmonline.net/article_2611_2c8247a6ff218498f0431cbd8f6af475.pdfwind tunnel testinglow aspect ratios5010 profiled wingaerodynamic coefficientsbio-inspiredself-adjustable flap |
| spellingShingle | A. Verma V. Kulkarni S. Shinde Experimental Investigations of Self-adjusting Bionic Flaps on Low-aspect Ratio Wings Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics wind tunnel testing low aspect ratio s5010 profiled wing aerodynamic coefficients bio-inspired self-adjustable flap |
| title | Experimental Investigations of Self-adjusting Bionic Flaps on Low-aspect Ratio Wings |
| title_full | Experimental Investigations of Self-adjusting Bionic Flaps on Low-aspect Ratio Wings |
| title_fullStr | Experimental Investigations of Self-adjusting Bionic Flaps on Low-aspect Ratio Wings |
| title_full_unstemmed | Experimental Investigations of Self-adjusting Bionic Flaps on Low-aspect Ratio Wings |
| title_short | Experimental Investigations of Self-adjusting Bionic Flaps on Low-aspect Ratio Wings |
| title_sort | experimental investigations of self adjusting bionic flaps on low aspect ratio wings |
| topic | wind tunnel testing low aspect ratio s5010 profiled wing aerodynamic coefficients bio-inspired self-adjustable flap |
| url | https://www.jafmonline.net/article_2611_2c8247a6ff218498f0431cbd8f6af475.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT averma experimentalinvestigationsofselfadjustingbionicflapsonlowaspectratiowings AT vkulkarni experimentalinvestigationsofselfadjustingbionicflapsonlowaspectratiowings AT sshinde experimentalinvestigationsofselfadjustingbionicflapsonlowaspectratiowings |