Impact of COVID-19 on the Air Quality over China and India Using Long-term (2009–2020) Multi-satellite Data
Abstract We have examined the air quality over China, India and demonstrated marked differences in levels of air pollution resulted from the COVID-19 restrictions during December–April, 2019–20 to that of 11 years mean of 2009–19. The criteria air quality indicators i.e., nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sul...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Springer
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Aerosol and Air Quality Research |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2020.06.0295 |
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| author | Manish Soni Sunita Verma Hiren Jethava Swagata Payra Lok Lamsal Priyanshu Gupta Janhavi Singh |
| author_facet | Manish Soni Sunita Verma Hiren Jethava Swagata Payra Lok Lamsal Priyanshu Gupta Janhavi Singh |
| author_sort | Manish Soni |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract We have examined the air quality over China, India and demonstrated marked differences in levels of air pollution resulted from the COVID-19 restrictions during December–April, 2019–20 to that of 11 years mean of 2009–19. The criteria air quality indicators i.e., nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), Aerosol Index (AI) and aerosol optical depth (AOD) data are retrieved from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI), and MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor on the Terra and Aqua satellites, respectively. Over China, during COVID-19 lockdown a significant drop in columnar abundances of tropospheric NO2 (–37%), SO2 (–64%) and AOD (–8%) for 2020 in comparison to 11 years mean (2009–19) has been observed. A noticeable difference in NO2 column burden is seen over SE (–35%), NE (–33%), NW (–13%) and SW (–5%) China. Over the SE and NE China, both NO2 and SO2 levels decreased dramatically in 2020 from that of 2009–19, by more than 40% and 65%, respectively, because of both stricter regulations of emissions and less traffic activity due to reduced social and industrial activities during COVID-19 restrictions. In contrast, the curve of monthly mean tropospheric columnar burden of NO2 and SO2 over India has shown moderate reduction of 16% and 20%, respectively because lockdown came into effect much later in March 2020. The mean NO2 and SO2 over IGP region is found to be 25% higher than whole India’s mean concentration due to large scale urban settlement and crop burning events. The statistical t-test analysis results confirm significant (p < 0.05) improvements in AQ during lockdown. The COVID-19 pandemic provided an unprecedented opportunity to investigate such large-scale reduction in emissions of trace gases and aerosols. Therefore, it is important to further strengthen environmental policies to tackle air quality, human health, and climate change in this part of the world. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-98b566907e454911bd219ea3290e5881 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1680-8584 2071-1409 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Aerosol and Air Quality Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-98b566907e454911bd219ea3290e58812025-02-09T12:19:55ZengSpringerAerosol and Air Quality Research1680-85842071-14092020-11-0121312310.4209/aaqr.2020.06.0295Impact of COVID-19 on the Air Quality over China and India Using Long-term (2009–2020) Multi-satellite DataManish Soni0Sunita Verma1Hiren Jethava2Swagata Payra3Lok Lamsal4Priyanshu Gupta5Janhavi Singh6Department of Physics, Birla Institute of Technology MesraInstitute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu UniversityGoddard Earth Sciences Technology and Research, Universities Space Research AssociationDepartment of Physics, Birla Institute of Technology MesraGoddard Earth Sciences Technology and Research, Universities Space Research AssociationInstitute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu UniversityInstitute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu UniversityAbstract We have examined the air quality over China, India and demonstrated marked differences in levels of air pollution resulted from the COVID-19 restrictions during December–April, 2019–20 to that of 11 years mean of 2009–19. The criteria air quality indicators i.e., nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), Aerosol Index (AI) and aerosol optical depth (AOD) data are retrieved from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI), and MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor on the Terra and Aqua satellites, respectively. Over China, during COVID-19 lockdown a significant drop in columnar abundances of tropospheric NO2 (–37%), SO2 (–64%) and AOD (–8%) for 2020 in comparison to 11 years mean (2009–19) has been observed. A noticeable difference in NO2 column burden is seen over SE (–35%), NE (–33%), NW (–13%) and SW (–5%) China. Over the SE and NE China, both NO2 and SO2 levels decreased dramatically in 2020 from that of 2009–19, by more than 40% and 65%, respectively, because of both stricter regulations of emissions and less traffic activity due to reduced social and industrial activities during COVID-19 restrictions. In contrast, the curve of monthly mean tropospheric columnar burden of NO2 and SO2 over India has shown moderate reduction of 16% and 20%, respectively because lockdown came into effect much later in March 2020. The mean NO2 and SO2 over IGP region is found to be 25% higher than whole India’s mean concentration due to large scale urban settlement and crop burning events. The statistical t-test analysis results confirm significant (p < 0.05) improvements in AQ during lockdown. The COVID-19 pandemic provided an unprecedented opportunity to investigate such large-scale reduction in emissions of trace gases and aerosols. Therefore, it is important to further strengthen environmental policies to tackle air quality, human health, and climate change in this part of the world.https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2020.06.0295OMIMODISNO2SO2AODCOVID-19 |
| spellingShingle | Manish Soni Sunita Verma Hiren Jethava Swagata Payra Lok Lamsal Priyanshu Gupta Janhavi Singh Impact of COVID-19 on the Air Quality over China and India Using Long-term (2009–2020) Multi-satellite Data Aerosol and Air Quality Research OMI MODIS NO2 SO2 AOD COVID-19 |
| title | Impact of COVID-19 on the Air Quality over China and India Using Long-term (2009–2020) Multi-satellite Data |
| title_full | Impact of COVID-19 on the Air Quality over China and India Using Long-term (2009–2020) Multi-satellite Data |
| title_fullStr | Impact of COVID-19 on the Air Quality over China and India Using Long-term (2009–2020) Multi-satellite Data |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of COVID-19 on the Air Quality over China and India Using Long-term (2009–2020) Multi-satellite Data |
| title_short | Impact of COVID-19 on the Air Quality over China and India Using Long-term (2009–2020) Multi-satellite Data |
| title_sort | impact of covid 19 on the air quality over china and india using long term 2009 2020 multi satellite data |
| topic | OMI MODIS NO2 SO2 AOD COVID-19 |
| url | https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2020.06.0295 |
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