A data-driven cluster analysis to explore cognitive reserve and modifiable risk factors in early phases of cognitive decline
Abstract The present study was aimed to cluster sub-groups of patients with varying degrees of cognitive impairment (Subjective Cognitive Decline, mild or Major Neurocognitive Disorder) based on their modifiable risk factors and cognitive reserve with k-means analysis. As a secondary analysis, we de...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-88340-6 |
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| author | Sara Bernini Alice Valcarenghi Elena Ballante Federico Fassio Marta Picascia Elena Cavallini Matteo Cotta Ramusino Alfredo Costa Tomaso Vecchi Cristina Tassorelli Sara Bottiroli |
| author_facet | Sara Bernini Alice Valcarenghi Elena Ballante Federico Fassio Marta Picascia Elena Cavallini Matteo Cotta Ramusino Alfredo Costa Tomaso Vecchi Cristina Tassorelli Sara Bottiroli |
| author_sort | Sara Bernini |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The present study was aimed to cluster sub-groups of patients with varying degrees of cognitive impairment (Subjective Cognitive Decline, mild or Major Neurocognitive Disorder) based on their modifiable risk factors and cognitive reserve with k-means analysis. As a secondary analysis, we described the identified clusters from different perspectives, i.e., socio-demographic characteristics, cognitive functioning, and mental health. The analysis revealed two clusters, which were composed by 27 and 43 patients characterized by protective (Cluster 1) and unprotective (Cluster 2) everyday life habits, respectively. The two groups showed significant differences across all examined dimensions, with Cluster 1 demonstrating a more favourable profile compared to Cluster 2. Specifically, Cluster 1 exhibited advantages in: (1) sociodemographic (education, technological skills, and occupation), (2) cognitive (global cognitive functioning, executive functioning, and working memory), and (3) mental health (mood state and quality of life) characteristics. Such a finding is representative of a more positive individual wellbeing for people who adopt protective behaviours. In the field of dementia prevention, these results support the importance to intervene proactively and simultaneously in the management of multiple risk factors during the entire lifespan. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9903a54005f9428f88e140e6d000455c |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| spelling | doaj-art-9903a54005f9428f88e140e6d000455c2025-02-09T12:29:47ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-02-011511810.1038/s41598-025-88340-6A data-driven cluster analysis to explore cognitive reserve and modifiable risk factors in early phases of cognitive declineSara Bernini0Alice Valcarenghi1Elena Ballante2Federico Fassio3Marta Picascia4Elena Cavallini5Matteo Cotta Ramusino6Alfredo Costa7Tomaso Vecchi8Cristina Tassorelli9Sara Bottiroli10IRCCS Mondino FoundationUniversity of ChietiIRCCS Mondino FoundationDepartment of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Section of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of PaviaIRCCS Mondino FoundationDepartment of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of PaviaIRCCS Mondino FoundationIRCCS Mondino FoundationIRCCS Mondino FoundationIRCCS Mondino FoundationIRCCS Mondino FoundationAbstract The present study was aimed to cluster sub-groups of patients with varying degrees of cognitive impairment (Subjective Cognitive Decline, mild or Major Neurocognitive Disorder) based on their modifiable risk factors and cognitive reserve with k-means analysis. As a secondary analysis, we described the identified clusters from different perspectives, i.e., socio-demographic characteristics, cognitive functioning, and mental health. The analysis revealed two clusters, which were composed by 27 and 43 patients characterized by protective (Cluster 1) and unprotective (Cluster 2) everyday life habits, respectively. The two groups showed significant differences across all examined dimensions, with Cluster 1 demonstrating a more favourable profile compared to Cluster 2. Specifically, Cluster 1 exhibited advantages in: (1) sociodemographic (education, technological skills, and occupation), (2) cognitive (global cognitive functioning, executive functioning, and working memory), and (3) mental health (mood state and quality of life) characteristics. Such a finding is representative of a more positive individual wellbeing for people who adopt protective behaviours. In the field of dementia prevention, these results support the importance to intervene proactively and simultaneously in the management of multiple risk factors during the entire lifespan.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-88340-6 |
| spellingShingle | Sara Bernini Alice Valcarenghi Elena Ballante Federico Fassio Marta Picascia Elena Cavallini Matteo Cotta Ramusino Alfredo Costa Tomaso Vecchi Cristina Tassorelli Sara Bottiroli A data-driven cluster analysis to explore cognitive reserve and modifiable risk factors in early phases of cognitive decline Scientific Reports |
| title | A data-driven cluster analysis to explore cognitive reserve and modifiable risk factors in early phases of cognitive decline |
| title_full | A data-driven cluster analysis to explore cognitive reserve and modifiable risk factors in early phases of cognitive decline |
| title_fullStr | A data-driven cluster analysis to explore cognitive reserve and modifiable risk factors in early phases of cognitive decline |
| title_full_unstemmed | A data-driven cluster analysis to explore cognitive reserve and modifiable risk factors in early phases of cognitive decline |
| title_short | A data-driven cluster analysis to explore cognitive reserve and modifiable risk factors in early phases of cognitive decline |
| title_sort | data driven cluster analysis to explore cognitive reserve and modifiable risk factors in early phases of cognitive decline |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-88340-6 |
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