Genetic characteristics and pathogenesis of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus isolated from poultry in South Korea, 2022–2023
During the 2022–2023 winter season in South Korea, a novel clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 HPAIV was first detected in wild birds, which then subsequently caused multiple outbreaks in poultry farms and wild birds. This study aimed to investigate the genetic characteristics of H5N1 HPAIVs isolated during the 202...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Virus Research |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168170225000176 |
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| author | Ra Mi Cha Min-Ji Park Yoon-Gi Baek Yu-Na Lee Yunyueng Jang Yong-Myung Kang Gyeong-Beom Heo Se-Hee An Kwang-Nyeong Lee Jae-Kyeom Kim Hye-Ryoung Kim Youn-Jeong Lee Eun-Kyoung Lee |
| author_facet | Ra Mi Cha Min-Ji Park Yoon-Gi Baek Yu-Na Lee Yunyueng Jang Yong-Myung Kang Gyeong-Beom Heo Se-Hee An Kwang-Nyeong Lee Jae-Kyeom Kim Hye-Ryoung Kim Youn-Jeong Lee Eun-Kyoung Lee |
| author_sort | Ra Mi Cha |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | During the 2022–2023 winter season in South Korea, a novel clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 HPAIV was first detected in wild birds, which then subsequently caused multiple outbreaks in poultry farms and wild birds. This study aimed to investigate the genetic characteristics of H5N1 HPAIVs isolated during the 2022–2023, along with their pathogenicity and transmissibility in chickens and ducks. The clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 HPAIV viruses caused outbreaks in 75 poultry farms and detected in 174 wild bird cases. Phylogenetic analysis of hemagglutinin genes revealed that the South Korean H5N1 HPAIV isolates were closely related to Eurasian and American HPAIVs isolated between 2022 and 2023. In total, 21 diverse genotypes (22G0–22G20) were identified in virus isolates from poultry and wild birds, among which 22G7 was the dominant genotype. The 22G1 genotype (A/duck/Korea/H493/2022(H5N1)) caused high virulence and pathogenicity, with a 100 % mortality rate in specific-pathogen-free chickens. Ducks inoculated with genotypes 22G1 or 22G7 (A/duck/Korea/H537/2022(H5N1)) showed neurological signs, with 60 %–80 % mortality rate. In the contact groups of ducks, 100 % of transmissibility was observed. Notably, in the 22G7-inoculated group, viral shedding via the cloacal route was longer, and viral replication in the cecal tonsil was higher than that in the 22G1-inoculated group, which may have contributed to the dominancy of the 22G7 genotype. Therefore, better understanding of the genetic and pathogenic features of HPAI viruses is important for effective virus control in the field. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9a5daebb25584e6e9dc72779a93048a8 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1872-7492 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Virus Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-9a5daebb25584e6e9dc72779a93048a82025-02-09T04:59:38ZengElsevierVirus Research1872-74922025-03-01353199541Genetic characteristics and pathogenesis of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus isolated from poultry in South Korea, 2022–2023Ra Mi Cha0Min-Ji Park1Yoon-Gi Baek2Yu-Na Lee3Yunyueng Jang4Yong-Myung Kang5Gyeong-Beom Heo6Se-Hee An7Kwang-Nyeong Lee8Jae-Kyeom Kim9Hye-Ryoung Kim10Youn-Jeong Lee11Eun-Kyoung Lee12Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, South KoreaAvian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, South KoreaAvian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, South KoreaAvian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, South KoreaAvian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, South KoreaAvian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, South KoreaAvian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, South KoreaAvian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, South KoreaAvian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, South KoreaAvian Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, South KoreaAvian Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, South KoreaAvian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, South KoreaAvian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, South Korea; Corresponding author at: Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, South Korea.During the 2022–2023 winter season in South Korea, a novel clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 HPAIV was first detected in wild birds, which then subsequently caused multiple outbreaks in poultry farms and wild birds. This study aimed to investigate the genetic characteristics of H5N1 HPAIVs isolated during the 2022–2023, along with their pathogenicity and transmissibility in chickens and ducks. The clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 HPAIV viruses caused outbreaks in 75 poultry farms and detected in 174 wild bird cases. Phylogenetic analysis of hemagglutinin genes revealed that the South Korean H5N1 HPAIV isolates were closely related to Eurasian and American HPAIVs isolated between 2022 and 2023. In total, 21 diverse genotypes (22G0–22G20) were identified in virus isolates from poultry and wild birds, among which 22G7 was the dominant genotype. The 22G1 genotype (A/duck/Korea/H493/2022(H5N1)) caused high virulence and pathogenicity, with a 100 % mortality rate in specific-pathogen-free chickens. Ducks inoculated with genotypes 22G1 or 22G7 (A/duck/Korea/H537/2022(H5N1)) showed neurological signs, with 60 %–80 % mortality rate. In the contact groups of ducks, 100 % of transmissibility was observed. Notably, in the 22G7-inoculated group, viral shedding via the cloacal route was longer, and viral replication in the cecal tonsil was higher than that in the 22G1-inoculated group, which may have contributed to the dominancy of the 22G7 genotype. Therefore, better understanding of the genetic and pathogenic features of HPAI viruses is important for effective virus control in the field.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168170225000176High pathogenicity avian influenzaH5N1PathogenesisGenotypeChickenDuck |
| spellingShingle | Ra Mi Cha Min-Ji Park Yoon-Gi Baek Yu-Na Lee Yunyueng Jang Yong-Myung Kang Gyeong-Beom Heo Se-Hee An Kwang-Nyeong Lee Jae-Kyeom Kim Hye-Ryoung Kim Youn-Jeong Lee Eun-Kyoung Lee Genetic characteristics and pathogenesis of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus isolated from poultry in South Korea, 2022–2023 Virus Research High pathogenicity avian influenza H5N1 Pathogenesis Genotype Chicken Duck |
| title | Genetic characteristics and pathogenesis of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus isolated from poultry in South Korea, 2022–2023 |
| title_full | Genetic characteristics and pathogenesis of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus isolated from poultry in South Korea, 2022–2023 |
| title_fullStr | Genetic characteristics and pathogenesis of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus isolated from poultry in South Korea, 2022–2023 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genetic characteristics and pathogenesis of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus isolated from poultry in South Korea, 2022–2023 |
| title_short | Genetic characteristics and pathogenesis of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus isolated from poultry in South Korea, 2022–2023 |
| title_sort | genetic characteristics and pathogenesis of clade 2 3 4 4b h5n1 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus isolated from poultry in south korea 2022 2023 |
| topic | High pathogenicity avian influenza H5N1 Pathogenesis Genotype Chicken Duck |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168170225000176 |
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