The mediating role of thyroid-related hormones between thyroid dysfunction diseases and osteoporosis: a mediation mendelian randomization study
Abstract The links between Thyroid dysfunction diseases (TDFDs) and osteoporosis (OP) has received widespread attention, but the causal relationships and mediating factors have not been systematically studied. We used two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to elucidate the causal relations...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-02-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-88412-7 |
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| author | Ruikang Liu Weiming Fan Jiaming Hu Ke Xu Zhijian Huang Yang Liu Chiyun Sun |
| author_facet | Ruikang Liu Weiming Fan Jiaming Hu Ke Xu Zhijian Huang Yang Liu Chiyun Sun |
| author_sort | Ruikang Liu |
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| description | Abstract The links between Thyroid dysfunction diseases (TDFDs) and osteoporosis (OP) has received widespread attention, but the causal relationships and mediating factors have not been systematically studied. We used two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to elucidate the causal relationship between TDFDs and OP. Moreover, we performed mediation MR analyses to explore the role of thyroid-related hormones and OP risk factors in the association between TDFDs and OP. Two sample MR analyses showed that hyperthyroidism increased OP (OR = 1.080, 95% CI 1.026 to 1.137; P = 0.0032) risk. Hypothyroidism increases OP (OR = 1.183, 95% CI 1.125 to 1.244; P < 0.0001) risk. Furthermore, mediation analysis revealed that TSH mediated 5.314% of the relationship between hypothyroidism and OP. In contrast, FT4 mediated 9.670% of the relationship between hyperthyroidism and OP. In European populations, TDFDs may increase OP risk. TSH mediates in the causal association between hypothyroidism and OP, and similarly, FT4 mediates in the causal link between hyperthyroidism and OP. Our findings underscore the significance of improving integrative care for individuals with TDFDs to mitigate the risk of OP. It is essential to maintain stable levels of thyroid hormones and closely monitor bone health to effectively mitigate and prevent OP. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9a738747ec9144a9a6934c4d3ec54c8b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| spelling | doaj-art-9a738747ec9144a9a6934c4d3ec54c8b2025-02-09T12:31:37ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-02-0115111010.1038/s41598-025-88412-7The mediating role of thyroid-related hormones between thyroid dysfunction diseases and osteoporosis: a mediation mendelian randomization studyRuikang Liu0Weiming Fan1Jiaming Hu2Ke Xu3Zhijian Huang4Yang Liu5Chiyun Sun6School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineSchool of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineSchool of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineSchool of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineSchool of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineHubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineSchool of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineAbstract The links between Thyroid dysfunction diseases (TDFDs) and osteoporosis (OP) has received widespread attention, but the causal relationships and mediating factors have not been systematically studied. We used two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to elucidate the causal relationship between TDFDs and OP. Moreover, we performed mediation MR analyses to explore the role of thyroid-related hormones and OP risk factors in the association between TDFDs and OP. Two sample MR analyses showed that hyperthyroidism increased OP (OR = 1.080, 95% CI 1.026 to 1.137; P = 0.0032) risk. Hypothyroidism increases OP (OR = 1.183, 95% CI 1.125 to 1.244; P < 0.0001) risk. Furthermore, mediation analysis revealed that TSH mediated 5.314% of the relationship between hypothyroidism and OP. In contrast, FT4 mediated 9.670% of the relationship between hyperthyroidism and OP. In European populations, TDFDs may increase OP risk. TSH mediates in the causal association between hypothyroidism and OP, and similarly, FT4 mediates in the causal link between hyperthyroidism and OP. Our findings underscore the significance of improving integrative care for individuals with TDFDs to mitigate the risk of OP. It is essential to maintain stable levels of thyroid hormones and closely monitor bone health to effectively mitigate and prevent OP.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-88412-7Thyroid dysfunction diseasesOsteoporosisRisk factorsCausal effectMendelian randomization |
| spellingShingle | Ruikang Liu Weiming Fan Jiaming Hu Ke Xu Zhijian Huang Yang Liu Chiyun Sun The mediating role of thyroid-related hormones between thyroid dysfunction diseases and osteoporosis: a mediation mendelian randomization study Scientific Reports Thyroid dysfunction diseases Osteoporosis Risk factors Causal effect Mendelian randomization |
| title | The mediating role of thyroid-related hormones between thyroid dysfunction diseases and osteoporosis: a mediation mendelian randomization study |
| title_full | The mediating role of thyroid-related hormones between thyroid dysfunction diseases and osteoporosis: a mediation mendelian randomization study |
| title_fullStr | The mediating role of thyroid-related hormones between thyroid dysfunction diseases and osteoporosis: a mediation mendelian randomization study |
| title_full_unstemmed | The mediating role of thyroid-related hormones between thyroid dysfunction diseases and osteoporosis: a mediation mendelian randomization study |
| title_short | The mediating role of thyroid-related hormones between thyroid dysfunction diseases and osteoporosis: a mediation mendelian randomization study |
| title_sort | mediating role of thyroid related hormones between thyroid dysfunction diseases and osteoporosis a mediation mendelian randomization study |
| topic | Thyroid dysfunction diseases Osteoporosis Risk factors Causal effect Mendelian randomization |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-88412-7 |
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