Physiological and transcriptome analysis reveals the mechanism of Gymnocarpos przewalskii response to drought stress
Abstract Background Gymnocarpos przewalskii Bunge ex Maxim. (G. przewalskii) is an endangered xerophytic shrub that plays a crucial role as a source of forage in the Alxa Desert. However, there is limited understanding regarding the forage quality of G. przewalskii and its response to drought. This...
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2025-02-01
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| Series: | BMC Plant Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06185-7 |
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| author | Chao Du Xinyu Ni Mengjiao Yan Qinghan Meng Junying He |
| author_facet | Chao Du Xinyu Ni Mengjiao Yan Qinghan Meng Junying He |
| author_sort | Chao Du |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Gymnocarpos przewalskii Bunge ex Maxim. (G. przewalskii) is an endangered xerophytic shrub that plays a crucial role as a source of forage in the Alxa Desert. However, there is limited understanding regarding the forage quality of G. przewalskii and its response to drought. This study aimed to evaluate the forage quality of G. przewalskii and investigate the physiological and transcriptomic changes in G. przewalskii response to drought stress. Results The ash, fat, crude protein, lignin, crude fiber, acid detergent fiber, and neutral detergent fiber contents in G. przewalskii twigs were 10.61%, 1.85%, 5.68%, 7.08%, 21.23%, 42.16%, and 58.42%, respectively. In contrast, these ingredients in its leaves were 20.39%, 0.92%, 11.96%, 2.40%, 17.51%, 14.29% and 20.26%, respectively. Osmotic stress led to a reduction in chlorophyll levels and an increase in malondialdehyde content. Levels of hydrogen peroxide and oxygen free radicals remained relatively stable under osmotic stress. The proline content, SOD and CAT activities, and ·OH scavenging capacity were enhanced in G. przewalskii under osmotic stress. RNA-sequencing of G. przewalskii generated 44.51 Gb clean reads, which were assembled into 102,191 Unigenes and 30,809 Unigenes were successfully annotated. Comparative analysis identified 3,015 differentially expressed genes under osmotic stress. There were 2,134 and 1,739 DEGs enriched in 47 GO secondary categories and 129 KEGG pathways, respectively. 2 up-regulated DEGs were annotated to P5CS, a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of proline. 32 DEGs were annotated to various antioxidases and antioxidants. 81 DEGs were annotated to 8 plant hormone signaling pathways, in which the auxin and ABA signaling pathways exhibited dominant enrichment. 150 DEGs were annotated to 35 transcription factor families with the abundant enrichment of TF families containing WRKY, bZIP, ERF, bHLH, MYB, and NAC. Conclusions High forage quality and drought stress tolerance were observed in G. przewalskii. In response to drought stress, G. przewalskii orchestrates reactive oxygen species scavenging, proline biosynthesis, and other intricate physiological processes, with substantial contributions from plant hormones and transcription factors. This study provides new insights into the forage quality and the mechanisms involved in drought adaptation of G. przewalskii, offering a foundation for its conservation and sustainable utilization. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9d477c9c80704259bf262b7110b4e0db |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1471-2229 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | BMC Plant Biology |
| spelling | doaj-art-9d477c9c80704259bf262b7110b4e0db2025-02-09T12:27:43ZengBMCBMC Plant Biology1471-22292025-02-0125111910.1186/s12870-025-06185-7Physiological and transcriptome analysis reveals the mechanism of Gymnocarpos przewalskii response to drought stressChao Du0Xinyu Ni1Mengjiao Yan2Qinghan Meng3Junying He4College of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Normal UniversityCollege of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Normal UniversityInner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry SciencesCollege of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Normal UniversityCollege of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Normal UniversityAbstract Background Gymnocarpos przewalskii Bunge ex Maxim. (G. przewalskii) is an endangered xerophytic shrub that plays a crucial role as a source of forage in the Alxa Desert. However, there is limited understanding regarding the forage quality of G. przewalskii and its response to drought. This study aimed to evaluate the forage quality of G. przewalskii and investigate the physiological and transcriptomic changes in G. przewalskii response to drought stress. Results The ash, fat, crude protein, lignin, crude fiber, acid detergent fiber, and neutral detergent fiber contents in G. przewalskii twigs were 10.61%, 1.85%, 5.68%, 7.08%, 21.23%, 42.16%, and 58.42%, respectively. In contrast, these ingredients in its leaves were 20.39%, 0.92%, 11.96%, 2.40%, 17.51%, 14.29% and 20.26%, respectively. Osmotic stress led to a reduction in chlorophyll levels and an increase in malondialdehyde content. Levels of hydrogen peroxide and oxygen free radicals remained relatively stable under osmotic stress. The proline content, SOD and CAT activities, and ·OH scavenging capacity were enhanced in G. przewalskii under osmotic stress. RNA-sequencing of G. przewalskii generated 44.51 Gb clean reads, which were assembled into 102,191 Unigenes and 30,809 Unigenes were successfully annotated. Comparative analysis identified 3,015 differentially expressed genes under osmotic stress. There were 2,134 and 1,739 DEGs enriched in 47 GO secondary categories and 129 KEGG pathways, respectively. 2 up-regulated DEGs were annotated to P5CS, a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of proline. 32 DEGs were annotated to various antioxidases and antioxidants. 81 DEGs were annotated to 8 plant hormone signaling pathways, in which the auxin and ABA signaling pathways exhibited dominant enrichment. 150 DEGs were annotated to 35 transcription factor families with the abundant enrichment of TF families containing WRKY, bZIP, ERF, bHLH, MYB, and NAC. Conclusions High forage quality and drought stress tolerance were observed in G. przewalskii. In response to drought stress, G. przewalskii orchestrates reactive oxygen species scavenging, proline biosynthesis, and other intricate physiological processes, with substantial contributions from plant hormones and transcription factors. This study provides new insights into the forage quality and the mechanisms involved in drought adaptation of G. przewalskii, offering a foundation for its conservation and sustainable utilization.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06185-7Gymnocarpos przewalskii Bunge ex Maxim.Forage qualityDrought stressRNA-sequencingAntioxidant systemPlant hormone |
| spellingShingle | Chao Du Xinyu Ni Mengjiao Yan Qinghan Meng Junying He Physiological and transcriptome analysis reveals the mechanism of Gymnocarpos przewalskii response to drought stress BMC Plant Biology Gymnocarpos przewalskii Bunge ex Maxim. Forage quality Drought stress RNA-sequencing Antioxidant system Plant hormone |
| title | Physiological and transcriptome analysis reveals the mechanism of Gymnocarpos przewalskii response to drought stress |
| title_full | Physiological and transcriptome analysis reveals the mechanism of Gymnocarpos przewalskii response to drought stress |
| title_fullStr | Physiological and transcriptome analysis reveals the mechanism of Gymnocarpos przewalskii response to drought stress |
| title_full_unstemmed | Physiological and transcriptome analysis reveals the mechanism of Gymnocarpos przewalskii response to drought stress |
| title_short | Physiological and transcriptome analysis reveals the mechanism of Gymnocarpos przewalskii response to drought stress |
| title_sort | physiological and transcriptome analysis reveals the mechanism of gymnocarpos przewalskii response to drought stress |
| topic | Gymnocarpos przewalskii Bunge ex Maxim. Forage quality Drought stress RNA-sequencing Antioxidant system Plant hormone |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06185-7 |
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