Electromagnetic compatibility of active cardiovascular implants to occupational magnetic field environments: impact of the field direction
Active Implantable Medical Devices (AIMD) are nowadays a part of everyday life, with for example more than one million pacemakers (PMs) implanted each year worldwide. Like every electronic devices they are sensitive to electromagnetic interferences but the consequences are potentially severe. A larg...
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Académie des sciences
2024-07-01
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| Series: | Comptes Rendus. Physique |
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| Online Access: | https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/physique/articles/10.5802/crphys.187/ |
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| author | Hammen, Lucien Pichon, Lionel Le Bihan, Yann Bensetti, Mohamed Fleury, Gérard |
| author_facet | Hammen, Lucien Pichon, Lionel Le Bihan, Yann Bensetti, Mohamed Fleury, Gérard |
| author_sort | Hammen, Lucien |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Active Implantable Medical Devices (AIMD) are nowadays a part of everyday life, with for example more than one million pacemakers (PMs) implanted each year worldwide. Like every electronic devices they are sensitive to electromagnetic interferences but the consequences are potentially severe. A large number of publications deals with electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) with common equipment but only a few concern industrial sources. Furthermore, the field encountered at workplace is potentially higher. Taking these into account, a new test method to assess the EMC of AIMDs against occupational magnetic field sources was developed. It is based on an experimental approach using a specific test bench able to generate a controlled magnetic field in all space directions up to the high occupational exposure limits between 50 Hz and 3 kHz. To do this, three Helmholtz coil systems are combined on three orthogonal space directions. This specificity makes it possible to take into account the high variability of the operator’s position compared to the industrial source.In this paper, the study focused on the impact of the magnetic field direction on the PM’s functioning with bipolar leads, as is the case for the vast majority of devices implanted nowadays. It appears that the magnetic field direction has an impact on the PM’s functioning and is consequently a relevant parameter for evaluating their EMC. These observations led us to the hypothesis that the lead in bipolar mode is more sensitive to electric field than magnetic field. This assumption remains to be confirmed by further studies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9ded30af1bdc4ef9aca00428641288bf |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1878-1535 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-07-01 |
| publisher | Académie des sciences |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Comptes Rendus. Physique |
| spelling | doaj-art-9ded30af1bdc4ef9aca00428641288bf2025-02-07T13:53:29ZengAcadémie des sciencesComptes Rendus. Physique1878-15352024-07-0125S1758610.5802/crphys.18710.5802/crphys.187Electromagnetic compatibility of active cardiovascular implants to occupational magnetic field environments: impact of the field directionHammen, Lucien0Pichon, Lionel1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3402-5498Le Bihan, Yann2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5563-9192Bensetti, Mohamed 3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4755-5113Fleury, Gérard4Laboratoire de Génie Electrique et Electronique de Paris Sorbonne Université, CNRS Paris, France; Laboratoire de Génie Electrique et Electronique de Paris Université Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupelec, CNRS Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Laboratoire d’Electromagnétisme, Vibrations et Optique Institut national de recherche et de sécurité (INRS) Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, FranceLaboratoire de Génie Electrique et Electronique de Paris Sorbonne Université, CNRS Paris, France; Laboratoire de Génie Electrique et Electronique de Paris Université Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupelec, CNRS Gif-sur-Yvette, FranceLaboratoire de Génie Electrique et Electronique de Paris Sorbonne Université, CNRS Paris, France; Laboratoire de Génie Electrique et Electronique de Paris Université Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupelec, CNRS Gif-sur-Yvette, FranceLaboratoire de Génie Electrique et Electronique de Paris Sorbonne Université, CNRS Paris, France; Laboratoire de Génie Electrique et Electronique de Paris Université Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupelec, CNRS Gif-sur-Yvette, FranceLaboratoire d’Electromagnétisme, Vibrations et Optique Institut national de recherche et de sécurité (INRS) Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, FranceActive Implantable Medical Devices (AIMD) are nowadays a part of everyday life, with for example more than one million pacemakers (PMs) implanted each year worldwide. Like every electronic devices they are sensitive to electromagnetic interferences but the consequences are potentially severe. A large number of publications deals with electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) with common equipment but only a few concern industrial sources. Furthermore, the field encountered at workplace is potentially higher. Taking these into account, a new test method to assess the EMC of AIMDs against occupational magnetic field sources was developed. It is based on an experimental approach using a specific test bench able to generate a controlled magnetic field in all space directions up to the high occupational exposure limits between 50 Hz and 3 kHz. To do this, three Helmholtz coil systems are combined on three orthogonal space directions. This specificity makes it possible to take into account the high variability of the operator’s position compared to the industrial source.In this paper, the study focused on the impact of the magnetic field direction on the PM’s functioning with bipolar leads, as is the case for the vast majority of devices implanted nowadays. It appears that the magnetic field direction has an impact on the PM’s functioning and is consequently a relevant parameter for evaluating their EMC. These observations led us to the hypothesis that the lead in bipolar mode is more sensitive to electric field than magnetic field. This assumption remains to be confirmed by further studies.https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/physique/articles/10.5802/crphys.187/AIMDPacemakerEMCOccupational exposureMagnetic fieldsHelmholtz coil |
| spellingShingle | Hammen, Lucien Pichon, Lionel Le Bihan, Yann Bensetti, Mohamed Fleury, Gérard Electromagnetic compatibility of active cardiovascular implants to occupational magnetic field environments: impact of the field direction Comptes Rendus. Physique AIMD Pacemaker EMC Occupational exposure Magnetic fields Helmholtz coil |
| title | Electromagnetic compatibility of active cardiovascular implants to occupational magnetic field environments: impact of the field direction |
| title_full | Electromagnetic compatibility of active cardiovascular implants to occupational magnetic field environments: impact of the field direction |
| title_fullStr | Electromagnetic compatibility of active cardiovascular implants to occupational magnetic field environments: impact of the field direction |
| title_full_unstemmed | Electromagnetic compatibility of active cardiovascular implants to occupational magnetic field environments: impact of the field direction |
| title_short | Electromagnetic compatibility of active cardiovascular implants to occupational magnetic field environments: impact of the field direction |
| title_sort | electromagnetic compatibility of active cardiovascular implants to occupational magnetic field environments impact of the field direction |
| topic | AIMD Pacemaker EMC Occupational exposure Magnetic fields Helmholtz coil |
| url | https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/physique/articles/10.5802/crphys.187/ |
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