Early COVID-19 and protection from Omicron in a highly vaccinated population in Ontario, Canada: a matched prospective cohort study
Abstract Objectives Predictions regarding the on-going burden of SARS-CoV-2, and vaccine recommendations, require an understanding of infection-associated immune protection. We assessed whether early COVID-19 provided protection against Omicron infection. Methods We enrolled a cohort of adults in On...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2025-02-01
|
| Series: | BMC Infectious Diseases |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-024-10331-1 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1825197651268730880 |
|---|---|
| author | Altynay Shigayeva Christopher Kandel Lubna Farooqi Zoe Zhong Anne-Claude Gingras Brenda L. Coleman Lois Gilbert Wayne L. Gold Maria Major Tony Mazzulli Samira Mubareka Jelena Vojicic Jingyan Yang Pingping Zhang Catherine Martin Moe H. Kyaw John M. McLaughlin Allison McGeer |
| author_facet | Altynay Shigayeva Christopher Kandel Lubna Farooqi Zoe Zhong Anne-Claude Gingras Brenda L. Coleman Lois Gilbert Wayne L. Gold Maria Major Tony Mazzulli Samira Mubareka Jelena Vojicic Jingyan Yang Pingping Zhang Catherine Martin Moe H. Kyaw John M. McLaughlin Allison McGeer |
| author_sort | Altynay Shigayeva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Objectives Predictions regarding the on-going burden of SARS-CoV-2, and vaccine recommendations, require an understanding of infection-associated immune protection. We assessed whether early COVID-19 provided protection against Omicron infection. Methods We enrolled a cohort of adults in Ontario, Canada, with COVID-19 prior to October 2020 (early infection, EI), and a matched cohort with COVID-19 testing and a negative PCR (non-EI). Participants completed baseline surveys then surveys every two weeks until January 2023. Multivariable Cox regression was used to assess factors associated with COVID-19 infection during the first 14 months of Omicron. Results Overall, 624 EI (70%) and 175 (77%) non-EI participants met criteria for analysis; 590 (95%) EI and 164 (94%) non-EI had received at least 2 COVID-19 vaccine doses prior to Omicron. Of 624 EI, 175 (28%) had one SARS-CoV-2 re-infection and 8 (1.3%) had two, compared to 84 (48%) non-EI participants with one, 5 (2.9%) with two and 1 (0.6%) with 3 infections (P < 0.0001). In multivariable analysis of risk factors for Omicron infection, the overall hazard ratio (HR, 95%CI) associated with EI was 0.56 (0.43–0.74); HRs for BA.1/2, BA.4/5 and mixed BA.5/BQ.1/XBB periods were 0.66 (0.45–0.97), 0.44 (0.28–0.68) and 0.71 (0.32–1.56). EI and BA.1/2 infection combined reduced later Omicron infection (HR 0.07 (0.03–0.21) compared to no prior infection. Older age, non-White ethnicity, no children in household, and lower neighbourhood income were associated with reduced risk of infection. Conclusions In our highly vaccinated population, early SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with a 44% reduction in symptomatic COVID-19 during the first 14 months of Omicron, providing significant protection against re-infection for more than 2 years. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a10a6c32c5704f6b8f8d7a20aed2fc1e |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1471-2334 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Infectious Diseases |
| spelling | doaj-art-a10a6c32c5704f6b8f8d7a20aed2fc1e2025-02-09T12:14:52ZengBMCBMC Infectious Diseases1471-23342025-02-0125111210.1186/s12879-024-10331-1Early COVID-19 and protection from Omicron in a highly vaccinated population in Ontario, Canada: a matched prospective cohort studyAltynay Shigayeva0Christopher Kandel1Lubna Farooqi2Zoe Zhong3Anne-Claude Gingras4Brenda L. Coleman5Lois Gilbert6Wayne L. Gold7Maria Major8Tony Mazzulli9Samira Mubareka10Jelena Vojicic11Jingyan Yang12Pingping Zhang13Catherine Martin14Moe H. Kyaw15John M. McLaughlin16Allison McGeer17Department of Microbiology, Sinai HealthMichael Garron Hospital, Toronto East Health NetworkDepartment of Microbiology, Sinai HealthDepartment of Microbiology, Sinai HealthLunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai HealthDepartment of Microbiology, Sinai HealthDepartment of Microbiology, Sinai HealthDepartment of Medicine, University of TorontoPfizer CanadaDepartment of Microbiology, Sinai HealthDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of TorontoPfizer CanadaPfizer IncPfizer IncPfizer IncPfizer IncPfizer IncDepartment of Microbiology, Sinai HealthAbstract Objectives Predictions regarding the on-going burden of SARS-CoV-2, and vaccine recommendations, require an understanding of infection-associated immune protection. We assessed whether early COVID-19 provided protection against Omicron infection. Methods We enrolled a cohort of adults in Ontario, Canada, with COVID-19 prior to October 2020 (early infection, EI), and a matched cohort with COVID-19 testing and a negative PCR (non-EI). Participants completed baseline surveys then surveys every two weeks until January 2023. Multivariable Cox regression was used to assess factors associated with COVID-19 infection during the first 14 months of Omicron. Results Overall, 624 EI (70%) and 175 (77%) non-EI participants met criteria for analysis; 590 (95%) EI and 164 (94%) non-EI had received at least 2 COVID-19 vaccine doses prior to Omicron. Of 624 EI, 175 (28%) had one SARS-CoV-2 re-infection and 8 (1.3%) had two, compared to 84 (48%) non-EI participants with one, 5 (2.9%) with two and 1 (0.6%) with 3 infections (P < 0.0001). In multivariable analysis of risk factors for Omicron infection, the overall hazard ratio (HR, 95%CI) associated with EI was 0.56 (0.43–0.74); HRs for BA.1/2, BA.4/5 and mixed BA.5/BQ.1/XBB periods were 0.66 (0.45–0.97), 0.44 (0.28–0.68) and 0.71 (0.32–1.56). EI and BA.1/2 infection combined reduced later Omicron infection (HR 0.07 (0.03–0.21) compared to no prior infection. Older age, non-White ethnicity, no children in household, and lower neighbourhood income were associated with reduced risk of infection. Conclusions In our highly vaccinated population, early SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with a 44% reduction in symptomatic COVID-19 during the first 14 months of Omicron, providing significant protection against re-infection for more than 2 years.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-024-10331-1SARS-CoV-2 infectionCOVID-19VaccinationRe-infection |
| spellingShingle | Altynay Shigayeva Christopher Kandel Lubna Farooqi Zoe Zhong Anne-Claude Gingras Brenda L. Coleman Lois Gilbert Wayne L. Gold Maria Major Tony Mazzulli Samira Mubareka Jelena Vojicic Jingyan Yang Pingping Zhang Catherine Martin Moe H. Kyaw John M. McLaughlin Allison McGeer Early COVID-19 and protection from Omicron in a highly vaccinated population in Ontario, Canada: a matched prospective cohort study BMC Infectious Diseases SARS-CoV-2 infection COVID-19 Vaccination Re-infection |
| title | Early COVID-19 and protection from Omicron in a highly vaccinated population in Ontario, Canada: a matched prospective cohort study |
| title_full | Early COVID-19 and protection from Omicron in a highly vaccinated population in Ontario, Canada: a matched prospective cohort study |
| title_fullStr | Early COVID-19 and protection from Omicron in a highly vaccinated population in Ontario, Canada: a matched prospective cohort study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Early COVID-19 and protection from Omicron in a highly vaccinated population in Ontario, Canada: a matched prospective cohort study |
| title_short | Early COVID-19 and protection from Omicron in a highly vaccinated population in Ontario, Canada: a matched prospective cohort study |
| title_sort | early covid 19 and protection from omicron in a highly vaccinated population in ontario canada a matched prospective cohort study |
| topic | SARS-CoV-2 infection COVID-19 Vaccination Re-infection |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-024-10331-1 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT altynayshigayeva earlycovid19andprotectionfromomicroninahighlyvaccinatedpopulationinontariocanadaamatchedprospectivecohortstudy AT christopherkandel earlycovid19andprotectionfromomicroninahighlyvaccinatedpopulationinontariocanadaamatchedprospectivecohortstudy AT lubnafarooqi earlycovid19andprotectionfromomicroninahighlyvaccinatedpopulationinontariocanadaamatchedprospectivecohortstudy AT zoezhong earlycovid19andprotectionfromomicroninahighlyvaccinatedpopulationinontariocanadaamatchedprospectivecohortstudy AT anneclaudegingras earlycovid19andprotectionfromomicroninahighlyvaccinatedpopulationinontariocanadaamatchedprospectivecohortstudy AT brendalcoleman earlycovid19andprotectionfromomicroninahighlyvaccinatedpopulationinontariocanadaamatchedprospectivecohortstudy AT loisgilbert earlycovid19andprotectionfromomicroninahighlyvaccinatedpopulationinontariocanadaamatchedprospectivecohortstudy AT waynelgold earlycovid19andprotectionfromomicroninahighlyvaccinatedpopulationinontariocanadaamatchedprospectivecohortstudy AT mariamajor earlycovid19andprotectionfromomicroninahighlyvaccinatedpopulationinontariocanadaamatchedprospectivecohortstudy AT tonymazzulli earlycovid19andprotectionfromomicroninahighlyvaccinatedpopulationinontariocanadaamatchedprospectivecohortstudy AT samiramubareka earlycovid19andprotectionfromomicroninahighlyvaccinatedpopulationinontariocanadaamatchedprospectivecohortstudy AT jelenavojicic earlycovid19andprotectionfromomicroninahighlyvaccinatedpopulationinontariocanadaamatchedprospectivecohortstudy AT jingyanyang earlycovid19andprotectionfromomicroninahighlyvaccinatedpopulationinontariocanadaamatchedprospectivecohortstudy AT pingpingzhang earlycovid19andprotectionfromomicroninahighlyvaccinatedpopulationinontariocanadaamatchedprospectivecohortstudy AT catherinemartin earlycovid19andprotectionfromomicroninahighlyvaccinatedpopulationinontariocanadaamatchedprospectivecohortstudy AT moehkyaw earlycovid19andprotectionfromomicroninahighlyvaccinatedpopulationinontariocanadaamatchedprospectivecohortstudy AT johnmmclaughlin earlycovid19andprotectionfromomicroninahighlyvaccinatedpopulationinontariocanadaamatchedprospectivecohortstudy AT allisonmcgeer earlycovid19andprotectionfromomicroninahighlyvaccinatedpopulationinontariocanadaamatchedprospectivecohortstudy |