Seasonal Trends, Profiles, and Exposure Risk of PM2.5-bound Bisphenol Analogs in Ambient Outdoor Air: A Study in Shanghai, China
Abstract Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) possesses a larger surface area, which enables hazardous chemicals to adsorb. The particle can lodge deep in the lungs and bronchi of humans, causing diverse cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. PM2.5 exposure has significant socioeconomic repercussions a...
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2022-06-01
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| Series: | Aerosol and Air Quality Research |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.210324 |
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| author | Janvier Munyaneza Fahim A. Qaraah Qilong Jia Hanting Cheng Huajun Zhen Guangli Xiu |
| author_facet | Janvier Munyaneza Fahim A. Qaraah Qilong Jia Hanting Cheng Huajun Zhen Guangli Xiu |
| author_sort | Janvier Munyaneza |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) possesses a larger surface area, which enables hazardous chemicals to adsorb. The particle can lodge deep in the lungs and bronchi of humans, causing diverse cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. PM2.5 exposure has significant socioeconomic repercussions as well as an increased risk of mortality. Some features of PM2.5 components have yet to be fully comprehended. PM2.5-bound bisphenols (BPs), which mostly originate from the incineration of plastic waste, haven’t been profoundly documented, and some of their patterns are not explicitly understood. Between July 2019 and November 2020, the measurement of bisphenol A (BPA) and its 5 analogs was undertaken using outdoor PM2.5 samples from Shanghai. Three BPs (BPA, bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS)) were frequently identified (88%; 82% and 75% respectively), with concentration ranges (mean; median) of 0.051 to 7.52 ng m−3 (2.75 ng m−3; 2.40 ng m−3), 0.014 to 6.32 ng m−3 (2.44 ng m−3; 2.007 ng m−3), and 0.005 to 4.61 ng m−3 (0.29 ng m−3; 0.031 ng m−3) respectively. The highest average concentrations (BPA: 3.47 ng m−3; BPF: 2.46 ng m−3; BPS: 0.58 ng m−3, and bisphenol AF (BPAF): 1.14 ng m−3) were found within samples collected in winter periods. A strong and positive correlation was denoted between the concentrations of BPA and bisphenol B (BPB) (r = 0.719, p < 0.05), when an inversely significant correlation was noticed between BPA and BPF (r = –0.264, p < 0.05). The estimated daily intakes (EDIs) varied from 7.76 × 10−4 to 3.51 ng kg BWt−1 Day−1. The hazard quotient (HQ) which ranged from 8.61 × 10−9 to 7.02 × 10−5 with BPA determined as the major contributor (97.08% for ∑HQ) wasn’t detrimental to the health of Shanghainese. Considering EDIs and HQs data, children were more subjected to health effects associated with the inhalation of BPs than adults. We came up with confirmations that industrial and anthropogenic activities are the major contributors to the load of airborne BPs in Shanghai. We also noticed that meteorological parameters aren’t the sole deterministic factors influencing the seasonal profiles of BPs. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a33e438d119349aba29dd209faa03222 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1680-8584 2071-1409 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-a33e438d119349aba29dd209faa032222025-02-09T12:18:31ZengSpringerAerosol and Air Quality Research1680-85842071-14092022-06-0122912410.4209/aaqr.210324Seasonal Trends, Profiles, and Exposure Risk of PM2.5-bound Bisphenol Analogs in Ambient Outdoor Air: A Study in Shanghai, ChinaJanvier Munyaneza0Fahim A. Qaraah1Qilong Jia2Hanting Cheng3Huajun Zhen4Guangli Xiu5Shanghai Environmental Protection Key Laboratory on Environmental Standard and Risk Management of Chemical Pollutants, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai Environmental Protection Key Laboratory on Environmental Standard and Risk Management of Chemical Pollutants, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai Environmental Protection Key Laboratory on Environmental Standard and Risk Management of Chemical Pollutants, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai Academy of Environmental SciencesShanghai Environmental Protection Key Laboratory on Environmental Standard and Risk Management of Chemical Pollutants, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai Environmental Protection Key Laboratory on Environmental Standard and Risk Management of Chemical Pollutants, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and TechnologyAbstract Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) possesses a larger surface area, which enables hazardous chemicals to adsorb. The particle can lodge deep in the lungs and bronchi of humans, causing diverse cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. PM2.5 exposure has significant socioeconomic repercussions as well as an increased risk of mortality. Some features of PM2.5 components have yet to be fully comprehended. PM2.5-bound bisphenols (BPs), which mostly originate from the incineration of plastic waste, haven’t been profoundly documented, and some of their patterns are not explicitly understood. Between July 2019 and November 2020, the measurement of bisphenol A (BPA) and its 5 analogs was undertaken using outdoor PM2.5 samples from Shanghai. Three BPs (BPA, bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS)) were frequently identified (88%; 82% and 75% respectively), with concentration ranges (mean; median) of 0.051 to 7.52 ng m−3 (2.75 ng m−3; 2.40 ng m−3), 0.014 to 6.32 ng m−3 (2.44 ng m−3; 2.007 ng m−3), and 0.005 to 4.61 ng m−3 (0.29 ng m−3; 0.031 ng m−3) respectively. The highest average concentrations (BPA: 3.47 ng m−3; BPF: 2.46 ng m−3; BPS: 0.58 ng m−3, and bisphenol AF (BPAF): 1.14 ng m−3) were found within samples collected in winter periods. A strong and positive correlation was denoted between the concentrations of BPA and bisphenol B (BPB) (r = 0.719, p < 0.05), when an inversely significant correlation was noticed between BPA and BPF (r = –0.264, p < 0.05). The estimated daily intakes (EDIs) varied from 7.76 × 10−4 to 3.51 ng kg BWt−1 Day−1. The hazard quotient (HQ) which ranged from 8.61 × 10−9 to 7.02 × 10−5 with BPA determined as the major contributor (97.08% for ∑HQ) wasn’t detrimental to the health of Shanghainese. Considering EDIs and HQs data, children were more subjected to health effects associated with the inhalation of BPs than adults. We came up with confirmations that industrial and anthropogenic activities are the major contributors to the load of airborne BPs in Shanghai. We also noticed that meteorological parameters aren’t the sole deterministic factors influencing the seasonal profiles of BPs.https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.210324BisphenolsOutdoor airExposure risksSeasonalityCorrelation |
| spellingShingle | Janvier Munyaneza Fahim A. Qaraah Qilong Jia Hanting Cheng Huajun Zhen Guangli Xiu Seasonal Trends, Profiles, and Exposure Risk of PM2.5-bound Bisphenol Analogs in Ambient Outdoor Air: A Study in Shanghai, China Aerosol and Air Quality Research Bisphenols Outdoor air Exposure risks Seasonality Correlation |
| title | Seasonal Trends, Profiles, and Exposure Risk of PM2.5-bound Bisphenol Analogs in Ambient Outdoor Air: A Study in Shanghai, China |
| title_full | Seasonal Trends, Profiles, and Exposure Risk of PM2.5-bound Bisphenol Analogs in Ambient Outdoor Air: A Study in Shanghai, China |
| title_fullStr | Seasonal Trends, Profiles, and Exposure Risk of PM2.5-bound Bisphenol Analogs in Ambient Outdoor Air: A Study in Shanghai, China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Seasonal Trends, Profiles, and Exposure Risk of PM2.5-bound Bisphenol Analogs in Ambient Outdoor Air: A Study in Shanghai, China |
| title_short | Seasonal Trends, Profiles, and Exposure Risk of PM2.5-bound Bisphenol Analogs in Ambient Outdoor Air: A Study in Shanghai, China |
| title_sort | seasonal trends profiles and exposure risk of pm2 5 bound bisphenol analogs in ambient outdoor air a study in shanghai china |
| topic | Bisphenols Outdoor air Exposure risks Seasonality Correlation |
| url | https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.210324 |
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