Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Biomechanical Factors During 90° Change of Direction are Associated to Non-Contact ACL injury in Female Soccer Players
# Background The two-dimensional (2D) video-analysis of the change of direction (COD) technique has never been used to attempt to predict the risk of ACL injury in female football players. # Hypothesis/Purpose The purpose of the present pilot study was to prospectively investigate the biomechanic...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
North American Sports Medicine Institute
2023-08-01
|
| Series: | International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.84308 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1825197115726364672 |
|---|---|
| author | Stefano Di Paolo Alberto Grassi Filippo Tosarelli Matteo Crepaldi Laura Bragonzoni Stefano Zaffagnini Francesco Della Villa |
| author_facet | Stefano Di Paolo Alberto Grassi Filippo Tosarelli Matteo Crepaldi Laura Bragonzoni Stefano Zaffagnini Francesco Della Villa |
| author_sort | Stefano Di Paolo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | # Background
The two-dimensional (2D) video-analysis of the change of direction (COD) technique has never been used to attempt to predict the risk of ACL injury in female football players.
# Hypothesis/Purpose
The purpose of the present pilot study was to prospectively investigate the biomechanical predictors of ACL injury during a COD task in female football players using both gold standard 3D motion capture and a qualitative scoring system based on 2D video-analysis.
# Study Design
Prospective cohort study
# Methods
Sixteen competitive female football (soccer) players (age 21.4 ± 4.3) performed a series of pre-planned 90° COD tasks. 3D motion data was recorded through 10 stereophotogrammetric cameras and a force platform. 2D frontal and transverse plane joint kinematics were computed through video-analysis from three high-speed cameras. A scoring system based on five criteria was adopted: limb stability, pelvis stability, trunk stability, shock absorption, and movement strategy. The players were prospectively followed for the next two consecutive football seasons and the occurrence of severe knee injuries was registered.
# Results
Four players (25%) experienced an ACL injury. In 3D analysis, ACL-injured players showed greater knee valgus, knee internal rotation, and lower knee flexion (p= 0.017 -- 0.029). Lower hip flexion coupled with greater external rotation (p= 0.003 -- 0.042), ankle eversion, and contralateral pelvic drop (p\<0.001) were also noted. In 2D analysis, ACL-injured players showed greater internal foot rotation, contralateral pelvic drop, lower knee flexion, and contralateral trunk tilt (moderate-to-large effect size). Pelvis stability and trunk stability showed the highest predictive value towards ACL injury. Total score was significantly lower in ACL-injured players with a moderate effect size (d=0.45).
# Conclusions
Both 3D and 2D methodologies depicted biomechanical risk factors and offered predictive insights towards the ACL injury risk. Awareness should rise in women's football regarding the high risk of ACL injury and the strategies to assess and mitigate it.
# Level of Evidence
3 |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-aeb72c23150e45a0b60d66ff325f2ced |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2159-2896 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | North American Sports Medicine Institute |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy |
| spelling | doaj-art-aeb72c23150e45a0b60d66ff325f2ced2025-02-11T20:27:16ZengNorth American Sports Medicine InstituteInternational Journal of Sports Physical Therapy2159-28962023-08-01184Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Biomechanical Factors During 90° Change of Direction are Associated to Non-Contact ACL injury in Female Soccer PlayersStefano Di PaoloAlberto GrassiFilippo TosarelliMatteo CrepaldiLaura BragonzoniStefano ZaffagniniFrancesco Della Villa# Background The two-dimensional (2D) video-analysis of the change of direction (COD) technique has never been used to attempt to predict the risk of ACL injury in female football players. # Hypothesis/Purpose The purpose of the present pilot study was to prospectively investigate the biomechanical predictors of ACL injury during a COD task in female football players using both gold standard 3D motion capture and a qualitative scoring system based on 2D video-analysis. # Study Design Prospective cohort study # Methods Sixteen competitive female football (soccer) players (age 21.4 ± 4.3) performed a series of pre-planned 90° COD tasks. 3D motion data was recorded through 10 stereophotogrammetric cameras and a force platform. 2D frontal and transverse plane joint kinematics were computed through video-analysis from three high-speed cameras. A scoring system based on five criteria was adopted: limb stability, pelvis stability, trunk stability, shock absorption, and movement strategy. The players were prospectively followed for the next two consecutive football seasons and the occurrence of severe knee injuries was registered. # Results Four players (25%) experienced an ACL injury. In 3D analysis, ACL-injured players showed greater knee valgus, knee internal rotation, and lower knee flexion (p= 0.017 -- 0.029). Lower hip flexion coupled with greater external rotation (p= 0.003 -- 0.042), ankle eversion, and contralateral pelvic drop (p\<0.001) were also noted. In 2D analysis, ACL-injured players showed greater internal foot rotation, contralateral pelvic drop, lower knee flexion, and contralateral trunk tilt (moderate-to-large effect size). Pelvis stability and trunk stability showed the highest predictive value towards ACL injury. Total score was significantly lower in ACL-injured players with a moderate effect size (d=0.45). # Conclusions Both 3D and 2D methodologies depicted biomechanical risk factors and offered predictive insights towards the ACL injury risk. Awareness should rise in women's football regarding the high risk of ACL injury and the strategies to assess and mitigate it. # Level of Evidence 3https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.84308 |
| spellingShingle | Stefano Di Paolo Alberto Grassi Filippo Tosarelli Matteo Crepaldi Laura Bragonzoni Stefano Zaffagnini Francesco Della Villa Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Biomechanical Factors During 90° Change of Direction are Associated to Non-Contact ACL injury in Female Soccer Players International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy |
| title | Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Biomechanical Factors During 90° Change of Direction are Associated to Non-Contact ACL injury in Female Soccer Players |
| title_full | Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Biomechanical Factors During 90° Change of Direction are Associated to Non-Contact ACL injury in Female Soccer Players |
| title_fullStr | Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Biomechanical Factors During 90° Change of Direction are Associated to Non-Contact ACL injury in Female Soccer Players |
| title_full_unstemmed | Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Biomechanical Factors During 90° Change of Direction are Associated to Non-Contact ACL injury in Female Soccer Players |
| title_short | Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Biomechanical Factors During 90° Change of Direction are Associated to Non-Contact ACL injury in Female Soccer Players |
| title_sort | two dimensional and three dimensional biomechanical factors during 90° change of direction are associated to non contact acl injury in female soccer players |
| url | https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.84308 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT stefanodipaolo twodimensionalandthreedimensionalbiomechanicalfactorsduring90changeofdirectionareassociatedtononcontactaclinjuryinfemalesoccerplayers AT albertograssi twodimensionalandthreedimensionalbiomechanicalfactorsduring90changeofdirectionareassociatedtononcontactaclinjuryinfemalesoccerplayers AT filippotosarelli twodimensionalandthreedimensionalbiomechanicalfactorsduring90changeofdirectionareassociatedtononcontactaclinjuryinfemalesoccerplayers AT matteocrepaldi twodimensionalandthreedimensionalbiomechanicalfactorsduring90changeofdirectionareassociatedtononcontactaclinjuryinfemalesoccerplayers AT laurabragonzoni twodimensionalandthreedimensionalbiomechanicalfactorsduring90changeofdirectionareassociatedtononcontactaclinjuryinfemalesoccerplayers AT stefanozaffagnini twodimensionalandthreedimensionalbiomechanicalfactorsduring90changeofdirectionareassociatedtononcontactaclinjuryinfemalesoccerplayers AT francescodellavilla twodimensionalandthreedimensionalbiomechanicalfactorsduring90changeofdirectionareassociatedtononcontactaclinjuryinfemalesoccerplayers |