Changes in Tropospheric Nitrogen Dioxide Vertical Column Densities over Japan and Korea during the COVID-19 Using Pandora and MAX-DOAS
Abstract We investigated the impact of human activity during COVID-19 on the tropospheric nitrogen dioxide vertical column density (NO2 TropVCD) at three urban sites (Gwangju and Busan in Korea and Yokosuka in Japan) and one remote site (Cape Hedo in Japan) from Multi-Axis Differential Optical Absor...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Springer
2023-03-01
|
| Series: | Aerosol and Air Quality Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.220145 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1823862834590646272 |
|---|---|
| author | Yongjoo Choi Yugo Kanaya Hisahiro Takashima Kihong Park Haebum Lee Jihyo Chong Jae Hwan Kim Jin-Soo Park |
| author_facet | Yongjoo Choi Yugo Kanaya Hisahiro Takashima Kihong Park Haebum Lee Jihyo Chong Jae Hwan Kim Jin-Soo Park |
| author_sort | Yongjoo Choi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract We investigated the impact of human activity during COVID-19 on the tropospheric nitrogen dioxide vertical column density (NO2 TropVCD) at three urban sites (Gwangju and Busan in Korea and Yokosuka in Japan) and one remote site (Cape Hedo in Japan) from Multi-Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) and Pandora. Compared to the monthly mean NO2 TropVCD from 2015 to 2018 and in 2019, the values were lower in 2020 due to social distancing in Korea and Japan. High negative relative changes were observed from May to September (−30% to −18%) at the three urban sites; Cape Hedo, a remote site, did not show a significant difference in relative changes between previous years and 2020, suggesting that only anthropogenic emission sources decreased dramatically. In the case of Yokosuka, the 15-day moving average of the NO2 TropVCD exhibited a good relationship with transportation (R = 0.48) and industry (R = 0.54) mobility data. In contrast, the NO2 TropVCD at the Korean sites showed a moderate to low correlation with the industrial sector and insignificant correlations with transportation. The differences in correlations might be caused by the different social distancing policies in Korea (voluntary) and Japan (mandatory). By applying generalized boosted models to exclude meteorological and seasonal effects associated with NO2 TropVCD variations, we revealed that the decreasing trend from 2019 to 2020 was much steeper than that from 2015 to 2020 (a factor of two), and a significant change was identified in January 2020, when the first cases of COVID-19 were observed in both Korea and Japan. This result confirmed that the reduction in NO2 can be largely explained by the NOx emission reduction resulting from social distancing for COVID-19 rather than annual meteorological differences; however, in December 2020, NO2 recovered suddenly to its previous level due to an increase in human activities. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b1e6312b2cd242af85bb1f083efe94d8 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1680-8584 2071-1409 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Aerosol and Air Quality Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-b1e6312b2cd242af85bb1f083efe94d82025-02-09T12:22:01ZengSpringerAerosol and Air Quality Research1680-85842071-14092023-03-0123611610.4209/aaqr.220145Changes in Tropospheric Nitrogen Dioxide Vertical Column Densities over Japan and Korea during the COVID-19 Using Pandora and MAX-DOASYongjoo Choi0Yugo Kanaya1Hisahiro Takashima2Kihong Park3Haebum Lee4Jihyo Chong5Jae Hwan Kim6Jin-Soo Park7Research Institute for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and TechnologyResearch Institute for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and TechnologyResearch Institute for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and TechnologySchool of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and TechnologySchool of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and TechnologySchool of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Atmospheric Sciences, Pusan National UniversityClimate & Air Quality Research Department, National Institute of Environmental ResearchAbstract We investigated the impact of human activity during COVID-19 on the tropospheric nitrogen dioxide vertical column density (NO2 TropVCD) at three urban sites (Gwangju and Busan in Korea and Yokosuka in Japan) and one remote site (Cape Hedo in Japan) from Multi-Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) and Pandora. Compared to the monthly mean NO2 TropVCD from 2015 to 2018 and in 2019, the values were lower in 2020 due to social distancing in Korea and Japan. High negative relative changes were observed from May to September (−30% to −18%) at the three urban sites; Cape Hedo, a remote site, did not show a significant difference in relative changes between previous years and 2020, suggesting that only anthropogenic emission sources decreased dramatically. In the case of Yokosuka, the 15-day moving average of the NO2 TropVCD exhibited a good relationship with transportation (R = 0.48) and industry (R = 0.54) mobility data. In contrast, the NO2 TropVCD at the Korean sites showed a moderate to low correlation with the industrial sector and insignificant correlations with transportation. The differences in correlations might be caused by the different social distancing policies in Korea (voluntary) and Japan (mandatory). By applying generalized boosted models to exclude meteorological and seasonal effects associated with NO2 TropVCD variations, we revealed that the decreasing trend from 2019 to 2020 was much steeper than that from 2015 to 2020 (a factor of two), and a significant change was identified in January 2020, when the first cases of COVID-19 were observed in both Korea and Japan. This result confirmed that the reduction in NO2 can be largely explained by the NOx emission reduction resulting from social distancing for COVID-19 rather than annual meteorological differences; however, in December 2020, NO2 recovered suddenly to its previous level due to an increase in human activities.https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.220145COVID-19Nitrogen dioxideMAX-DOASPandora |
| spellingShingle | Yongjoo Choi Yugo Kanaya Hisahiro Takashima Kihong Park Haebum Lee Jihyo Chong Jae Hwan Kim Jin-Soo Park Changes in Tropospheric Nitrogen Dioxide Vertical Column Densities over Japan and Korea during the COVID-19 Using Pandora and MAX-DOAS Aerosol and Air Quality Research COVID-19 Nitrogen dioxide MAX-DOAS Pandora |
| title | Changes in Tropospheric Nitrogen Dioxide Vertical Column Densities over Japan and Korea during the COVID-19 Using Pandora and MAX-DOAS |
| title_full | Changes in Tropospheric Nitrogen Dioxide Vertical Column Densities over Japan and Korea during the COVID-19 Using Pandora and MAX-DOAS |
| title_fullStr | Changes in Tropospheric Nitrogen Dioxide Vertical Column Densities over Japan and Korea during the COVID-19 Using Pandora and MAX-DOAS |
| title_full_unstemmed | Changes in Tropospheric Nitrogen Dioxide Vertical Column Densities over Japan and Korea during the COVID-19 Using Pandora and MAX-DOAS |
| title_short | Changes in Tropospheric Nitrogen Dioxide Vertical Column Densities over Japan and Korea during the COVID-19 Using Pandora and MAX-DOAS |
| title_sort | changes in tropospheric nitrogen dioxide vertical column densities over japan and korea during the covid 19 using pandora and max doas |
| topic | COVID-19 Nitrogen dioxide MAX-DOAS Pandora |
| url | https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.220145 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yongjoochoi changesintroposphericnitrogendioxideverticalcolumndensitiesoverjapanandkoreaduringthecovid19usingpandoraandmaxdoas AT yugokanaya changesintroposphericnitrogendioxideverticalcolumndensitiesoverjapanandkoreaduringthecovid19usingpandoraandmaxdoas AT hisahirotakashima changesintroposphericnitrogendioxideverticalcolumndensitiesoverjapanandkoreaduringthecovid19usingpandoraandmaxdoas AT kihongpark changesintroposphericnitrogendioxideverticalcolumndensitiesoverjapanandkoreaduringthecovid19usingpandoraandmaxdoas AT haebumlee changesintroposphericnitrogendioxideverticalcolumndensitiesoverjapanandkoreaduringthecovid19usingpandoraandmaxdoas AT jihyochong changesintroposphericnitrogendioxideverticalcolumndensitiesoverjapanandkoreaduringthecovid19usingpandoraandmaxdoas AT jaehwankim changesintroposphericnitrogendioxideverticalcolumndensitiesoverjapanandkoreaduringthecovid19usingpandoraandmaxdoas AT jinsoopark changesintroposphericnitrogendioxideverticalcolumndensitiesoverjapanandkoreaduringthecovid19usingpandoraandmaxdoas |