Two decades of occurrence of non-pathogenic rabbit lagoviruses in Italy and their genomic characterization
Abstract Lagoviruses are viruses of the Caliciviridae family affecting lagomorphs. Both pathogenic and non-pathogenic lagoviruses affect the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), and they are phylogenetically distinguished. Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus (RHDV/GI.1) and Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disea...
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2024-11-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-79670-y |
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| author | Patrizia Cavadini Alice Vismarra Francesca Merzoni Vittoria Di Giovanni Maria Beatrice Boniotti Lorenzo Capucci Antonio Lavazza |
| author_facet | Patrizia Cavadini Alice Vismarra Francesca Merzoni Vittoria Di Giovanni Maria Beatrice Boniotti Lorenzo Capucci Antonio Lavazza |
| author_sort | Patrizia Cavadini |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Lagoviruses are viruses of the Caliciviridae family affecting lagomorphs. Both pathogenic and non-pathogenic lagoviruses affect the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), and they are phylogenetically distinguished. Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus (RHDV/GI.1) and Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus-2 (RHDV-2/GI.2) belong to the first group, while in the second group, several genotypes of Rabbit Calicivirus (RCV/GI.3-GI.4) are present. The first RCV strain was described in Italy in 1996, and since then, several RCV strains have been characterised in Europe and Australia. RCVs, different from the pathogenic hepatotropic RHDVs, have an enteric tropism and could be identified from the duodenum/intestine and faeces. This study aimed firstly to indirectly show through a seroepidemiological survey from 1998 to 2008 the circulation of RCVs strains in rabbit farms and then to genetically characterise RCV strains diagnosed in Italy in faecal and intestinal samples of wild and farmed rabbits collected in various regions in the following years (2000–2022). Of 262 analysed samples, 69 resulted in RT-PCR positive for lagovirus but negative for RHDV. Eleven RCV strains were characterised by complete vp60 sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the Italian RCV strains are grouped in European (RCV_E1/GI.3) and Australian (RCV_E2/GI.4) RCV clusters, with an estimated country prevalence of 26%. Based on the proposed genotype classification, considering the nucleotide differences of vp60 higher than 15%, we can hypothesise that two other genotypes, GI.5 and GI.6, might exist within the cluster of non-pathogenic viruses. |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| spelling | doaj-art-b52853d240b44a639ddac9c901a487f82025-02-09T12:37:57ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-11-0114111210.1038/s41598-024-79670-yTwo decades of occurrence of non-pathogenic rabbit lagoviruses in Italy and their genomic characterizationPatrizia Cavadini0Alice Vismarra1Francesca Merzoni2Vittoria Di Giovanni3Maria Beatrice Boniotti4Lorenzo Capucci5Antonio Lavazza6Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER)Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER)Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER)Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER)Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER)Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER)Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER)Abstract Lagoviruses are viruses of the Caliciviridae family affecting lagomorphs. Both pathogenic and non-pathogenic lagoviruses affect the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), and they are phylogenetically distinguished. Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus (RHDV/GI.1) and Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus-2 (RHDV-2/GI.2) belong to the first group, while in the second group, several genotypes of Rabbit Calicivirus (RCV/GI.3-GI.4) are present. The first RCV strain was described in Italy in 1996, and since then, several RCV strains have been characterised in Europe and Australia. RCVs, different from the pathogenic hepatotropic RHDVs, have an enteric tropism and could be identified from the duodenum/intestine and faeces. This study aimed firstly to indirectly show through a seroepidemiological survey from 1998 to 2008 the circulation of RCVs strains in rabbit farms and then to genetically characterise RCV strains diagnosed in Italy in faecal and intestinal samples of wild and farmed rabbits collected in various regions in the following years (2000–2022). Of 262 analysed samples, 69 resulted in RT-PCR positive for lagovirus but negative for RHDV. Eleven RCV strains were characterised by complete vp60 sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the Italian RCV strains are grouped in European (RCV_E1/GI.3) and Australian (RCV_E2/GI.4) RCV clusters, with an estimated country prevalence of 26%. Based on the proposed genotype classification, considering the nucleotide differences of vp60 higher than 15%, we can hypothesise that two other genotypes, GI.5 and GI.6, might exist within the cluster of non-pathogenic viruses.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-79670-yLagovirusRabbit calicivirusPhylogenesisSerologyItaly |
| spellingShingle | Patrizia Cavadini Alice Vismarra Francesca Merzoni Vittoria Di Giovanni Maria Beatrice Boniotti Lorenzo Capucci Antonio Lavazza Two decades of occurrence of non-pathogenic rabbit lagoviruses in Italy and their genomic characterization Scientific Reports Lagovirus Rabbit calicivirus Phylogenesis Serology Italy |
| title | Two decades of occurrence of non-pathogenic rabbit lagoviruses in Italy and their genomic characterization |
| title_full | Two decades of occurrence of non-pathogenic rabbit lagoviruses in Italy and their genomic characterization |
| title_fullStr | Two decades of occurrence of non-pathogenic rabbit lagoviruses in Italy and their genomic characterization |
| title_full_unstemmed | Two decades of occurrence of non-pathogenic rabbit lagoviruses in Italy and their genomic characterization |
| title_short | Two decades of occurrence of non-pathogenic rabbit lagoviruses in Italy and their genomic characterization |
| title_sort | two decades of occurrence of non pathogenic rabbit lagoviruses in italy and their genomic characterization |
| topic | Lagovirus Rabbit calicivirus Phylogenesis Serology Italy |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-79670-y |
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