Shoulder and Hip Range of Motion and Strength Changes Throughout a Season in College Softball Players
# Background Many studies have been done on the strength and mobility of the shoulder and hip in baseball players, but fewer studies have examined these metrics in softball players. # Purpose The purpose of this study was to observe and analyze changes in range of motion (ROM) and strength at the...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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North American Sports Medicine Institute
2021-12-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.29515 |
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| _version_ | 1825197034809851904 |
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| author | Cameron R Guy Giorgio Zeppieri Jr. Michelle L Bruner Katie Davis Kevin W Farmer |
| author_facet | Cameron R Guy Giorgio Zeppieri Jr. Michelle L Bruner Katie Davis Kevin W Farmer |
| author_sort | Cameron R Guy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | # Background
Many studies have been done on the strength and mobility of the shoulder and hip in baseball players, but fewer studies have examined these metrics in softball players.
# Purpose
The purpose of this study was to observe and analyze changes in range of motion (ROM) and strength at the hip and shoulder that occur over the course of a competitive season, to describe preseason ROM and strength at the hip and shoulder in healthy college softball players through side-to-side comparison, and to compare measurements between pitchers and position players.
# Study Design
Descriptive Cohort Study
# Methods
Data was collected over the course of six seasons, and a total of fifty-four healthy softball athletes (including pitchers and postiion players) who completed at least one set of preseason and postseason measurements were included. Subjects underwent passive ROM (External rotation \[ER\], internal rotation \[IR\], total arc of motion \[TAM\]) and strength (ER/IR at the shoulder, abduction/extension at the hip) measurements at preseason and postseason timepoints.
# Results
Over a season, position players demonstrated an increase in all ROM metrics in both shoulders, except dominant IR, and a decrease in ER strength at the shoulder bilaterally (p\<0.05). They also showed decreased ROM in all metrics across both hips (p\<0.05). Pitchers had increased IR and TAM ROM in the dominant shoulder, decreased strength in both shoulders (ER throwing; ER and IR non-throwing), decreased ROM in both hips, and decreased abduction strength in the non-dominant hip (p\<0.05). Position players showed less preseason IR in the dominant shoulder compared to non-dominant IR (Dominant: 31.7 ± 1.6°, Non-dominant: 37.0 ± 2.3°; p\<0.05).
# Conclusion
Softball pitchers and position players both show increased ROM at the shoulder and decreased ROM at the hip over the course of a season. Position players demonstrated side-to-side discrepancies and seasonal changes at the throwing shoulder similar to those seen in baseball players. The preseason mobility of the dominant shoulder of pitchers increased over the season while strength of hip abduction in the non-dominant side was reduced.
# Level of Evidence
3 |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b64f04f71930420694a3d605be7c9257 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2159-2896 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | North American Sports Medicine Institute |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy |
| spelling | doaj-art-b64f04f71930420694a3d605be7c92572025-02-11T20:27:33ZengNorth American Sports Medicine InstituteInternational Journal of Sports Physical Therapy2159-28962021-12-01166Shoulder and Hip Range of Motion and Strength Changes Throughout a Season in College Softball PlayersCameron R GuyGiorgio Zeppieri Jr.Michelle L BrunerKatie DavisKevin W Farmer# Background Many studies have been done on the strength and mobility of the shoulder and hip in baseball players, but fewer studies have examined these metrics in softball players. # Purpose The purpose of this study was to observe and analyze changes in range of motion (ROM) and strength at the hip and shoulder that occur over the course of a competitive season, to describe preseason ROM and strength at the hip and shoulder in healthy college softball players through side-to-side comparison, and to compare measurements between pitchers and position players. # Study Design Descriptive Cohort Study # Methods Data was collected over the course of six seasons, and a total of fifty-four healthy softball athletes (including pitchers and postiion players) who completed at least one set of preseason and postseason measurements were included. Subjects underwent passive ROM (External rotation \[ER\], internal rotation \[IR\], total arc of motion \[TAM\]) and strength (ER/IR at the shoulder, abduction/extension at the hip) measurements at preseason and postseason timepoints. # Results Over a season, position players demonstrated an increase in all ROM metrics in both shoulders, except dominant IR, and a decrease in ER strength at the shoulder bilaterally (p\<0.05). They also showed decreased ROM in all metrics across both hips (p\<0.05). Pitchers had increased IR and TAM ROM in the dominant shoulder, decreased strength in both shoulders (ER throwing; ER and IR non-throwing), decreased ROM in both hips, and decreased abduction strength in the non-dominant hip (p\<0.05). Position players showed less preseason IR in the dominant shoulder compared to non-dominant IR (Dominant: 31.7 ± 1.6°, Non-dominant: 37.0 ± 2.3°; p\<0.05). # Conclusion Softball pitchers and position players both show increased ROM at the shoulder and decreased ROM at the hip over the course of a season. Position players demonstrated side-to-side discrepancies and seasonal changes at the throwing shoulder similar to those seen in baseball players. The preseason mobility of the dominant shoulder of pitchers increased over the season while strength of hip abduction in the non-dominant side was reduced. # Level of Evidence 3https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.29515 |
| spellingShingle | Cameron R Guy Giorgio Zeppieri Jr. Michelle L Bruner Katie Davis Kevin W Farmer Shoulder and Hip Range of Motion and Strength Changes Throughout a Season in College Softball Players International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy |
| title | Shoulder and Hip Range of Motion and Strength Changes Throughout a Season in College Softball Players |
| title_full | Shoulder and Hip Range of Motion and Strength Changes Throughout a Season in College Softball Players |
| title_fullStr | Shoulder and Hip Range of Motion and Strength Changes Throughout a Season in College Softball Players |
| title_full_unstemmed | Shoulder and Hip Range of Motion and Strength Changes Throughout a Season in College Softball Players |
| title_short | Shoulder and Hip Range of Motion and Strength Changes Throughout a Season in College Softball Players |
| title_sort | shoulder and hip range of motion and strength changes throughout a season in college softball players |
| url | https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.29515 |
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