Potential improvement in spatial accessibility of methadone treatment with integration into other outpatient substance use disorder treatment programs, New York City, 2024.
<h4>Background</h4>Methadone is an effective treatment for opioid use disorder; however, its provision in the US is limited to federally-regulated opioid treatment programs (OTP). Expansion of methadone treatment into non-OTP substance use disorder (SUD) treatment programs ('expande...
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0317967 |
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| author | Marcus A Bachhuber Chinazo O Cunningham Ashly E Jordan |
| author_facet | Marcus A Bachhuber Chinazo O Cunningham Ashly E Jordan |
| author_sort | Marcus A Bachhuber |
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| description | <h4>Background</h4>Methadone is an effective treatment for opioid use disorder; however, its provision in the US is limited to federally-regulated opioid treatment programs (OTP). Expansion of methadone treatment into non-OTP substance use disorder (SUD) treatment programs ('expanded methadone treatment access') is a promising intervention to increase access.<h4>Methods</h4>We performed a cross-sectional geospatial analysis of public transit times to OTPs, expanded methadone treatment access, and other healthcare facilities as of March, 2024 in New York City (NYC). We estimated one-way public transit travel time and compared travel times using population weighted paired t-tests.<h4>Results</h4>For OTPs, 38.2% (95% CI: 38.0, 38.4) of the NYC population was within 15 minutes and 79.7% (95% CI: 79.5, 79.9) was within 30 minutes. For expanded methadone treatment access, 72.1% (95% CI: 71.9, 72.2) of the NYC population was within 15 minutes and 97.5% (95% CI: 97.5, 97.6) was within 30 minutes. The mean travel time was 20.4 minutes (SD: 10.9) for OTPs and 12.1 minutes (SD: 7.1) for expanded methadone treatment access (difference: -8.3 minutes [95% CI: -8.5, -8.1]; P < 0.001). The mean travel time for expanded methadone treatment access was slightly longer than the mean travel time for dialysis facilities (difference: 0.22 minutes [95% CI: 0.06, 0.39]; P = 0.009]), not significantly different than Federally Qualified Health Centers (difference: -0.06 minutes [95% CI: -0.22, 0.11]; P = 0.51), and significantly shorter than the mean travel time to ambulatory surgical centers (difference: -6.3 [95% CI: -6.5, -6.0]; P < 0.001) and hospitals (difference: -8.1 [95% CI: -8.3, -7.9]; P < 0.001).<h4>Conclusion</h4>Efforts to increase access to methadone treatment in the US should promote expansion to additional non-OTP outpatient SUD treatment programs. Such integration is anticipated to increase spatial accessibility of methadone treatment substantially, greatly enhancing the potential for patient access. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-b83628c454c04e2e93d6f49e0acea08b2025-02-10T05:30:38ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032025-01-01202e031796710.1371/journal.pone.0317967Potential improvement in spatial accessibility of methadone treatment with integration into other outpatient substance use disorder treatment programs, New York City, 2024.Marcus A BachhuberChinazo O CunninghamAshly E Jordan<h4>Background</h4>Methadone is an effective treatment for opioid use disorder; however, its provision in the US is limited to federally-regulated opioid treatment programs (OTP). Expansion of methadone treatment into non-OTP substance use disorder (SUD) treatment programs ('expanded methadone treatment access') is a promising intervention to increase access.<h4>Methods</h4>We performed a cross-sectional geospatial analysis of public transit times to OTPs, expanded methadone treatment access, and other healthcare facilities as of March, 2024 in New York City (NYC). We estimated one-way public transit travel time and compared travel times using population weighted paired t-tests.<h4>Results</h4>For OTPs, 38.2% (95% CI: 38.0, 38.4) of the NYC population was within 15 minutes and 79.7% (95% CI: 79.5, 79.9) was within 30 minutes. For expanded methadone treatment access, 72.1% (95% CI: 71.9, 72.2) of the NYC population was within 15 minutes and 97.5% (95% CI: 97.5, 97.6) was within 30 minutes. The mean travel time was 20.4 minutes (SD: 10.9) for OTPs and 12.1 minutes (SD: 7.1) for expanded methadone treatment access (difference: -8.3 minutes [95% CI: -8.5, -8.1]; P < 0.001). The mean travel time for expanded methadone treatment access was slightly longer than the mean travel time for dialysis facilities (difference: 0.22 minutes [95% CI: 0.06, 0.39]; P = 0.009]), not significantly different than Federally Qualified Health Centers (difference: -0.06 minutes [95% CI: -0.22, 0.11]; P = 0.51), and significantly shorter than the mean travel time to ambulatory surgical centers (difference: -6.3 [95% CI: -6.5, -6.0]; P < 0.001) and hospitals (difference: -8.1 [95% CI: -8.3, -7.9]; P < 0.001).<h4>Conclusion</h4>Efforts to increase access to methadone treatment in the US should promote expansion to additional non-OTP outpatient SUD treatment programs. Such integration is anticipated to increase spatial accessibility of methadone treatment substantially, greatly enhancing the potential for patient access.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0317967 |
| spellingShingle | Marcus A Bachhuber Chinazo O Cunningham Ashly E Jordan Potential improvement in spatial accessibility of methadone treatment with integration into other outpatient substance use disorder treatment programs, New York City, 2024. PLoS ONE |
| title | Potential improvement in spatial accessibility of methadone treatment with integration into other outpatient substance use disorder treatment programs, New York City, 2024. |
| title_full | Potential improvement in spatial accessibility of methadone treatment with integration into other outpatient substance use disorder treatment programs, New York City, 2024. |
| title_fullStr | Potential improvement in spatial accessibility of methadone treatment with integration into other outpatient substance use disorder treatment programs, New York City, 2024. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Potential improvement in spatial accessibility of methadone treatment with integration into other outpatient substance use disorder treatment programs, New York City, 2024. |
| title_short | Potential improvement in spatial accessibility of methadone treatment with integration into other outpatient substance use disorder treatment programs, New York City, 2024. |
| title_sort | potential improvement in spatial accessibility of methadone treatment with integration into other outpatient substance use disorder treatment programs new york city 2024 |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0317967 |
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