Escherichia coli combination with PD-1 blockade synergistically enhances immunotherapy in glioblastoma multiforme by regulating the immune cells

Escherichia coli combination with PD-1 blockade synergistically enhances immunotherapy in glioblastoma multiforme by regulating the immune cells

Abstract Background Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary intracranial malignancy. It is characterized by insufficient infiltration of anti-tumor T lymphocytes within the tumor microenvironment (TME), rendering it an “immune cold” disease. This immune deficiency res...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Guochen Li, Haiyan Yang, Tengfei Ke, Na Tan, Xiaolan Du, Xirui Duan, Xinyan Zhou, Guangrong Zheng, Chengde Liao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-02-01
Series:Journal of Translational Medicine
Subjects:
Glioblastoma
PD-1
Escherichia coli
Immunotherapy
Synergy
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-025-06194-y
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