Synergistic impact of temperature and pore saturation on corrosion in carbonated reinforced concrete
Carbonation-induced corrosion in reinforced concrete (RC) structures significantly threatens their long-term durability, particularly in lower-strength concrete typical of 1960s-1970s buildings in high temperature regions like Singapore. Despite extensive research on individual factors affecting cor...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Case Studies in Construction Materials |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214509525001627 |
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| author | Li Soon Wan Mayuko Hirata Toshinori Oyamoto Tetsushi Kanda Kang Hai Tan |
| author_facet | Li Soon Wan Mayuko Hirata Toshinori Oyamoto Tetsushi Kanda Kang Hai Tan |
| author_sort | Li Soon Wan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Carbonation-induced corrosion in reinforced concrete (RC) structures significantly threatens their long-term durability, particularly in lower-strength concrete typical of 1960s-1970s buildings in high temperature regions like Singapore. Despite extensive research on individual factors affecting corrosion, the synergistic effects of temperature and pore saturation remain poorly understood in warmer climates. Current durability assessment tends to overestimate the service life of carbonated RC structures in tropical climates due to incomplete understanding of these combined effects. This study investigates the temperature-pore saturation relationship through systematic experimental variation (0–40 °C, 60–100 % pore saturation) using electrochemical and non-destructive measurements, aiming to develop accurate predictive tools for RC maintenance in tropical climates. Results revealed a critical phenomenon: minimum pore saturation threshold for severe corrosion decreases significantly with increasing temperature. For concrete with a water-to-cement ratio of 0.65, severe corrosion occurred at substantially lower pore saturation levels at higher temperatures, with even lower thresholds for more porous concrete. To translate these findings into practical tools, multiple linear regression analysis yielded predictive equations relating temperature and pore saturation effects to corrosion rates. Analysis also revealed that temperature-dependent corrosion kinetics, rather than concrete drying, predominantly drive the corrosion process at higher temperatures, explaining substantial corrosion activity even at lower pore saturation levels. These findings prompt a fundamental reassessment of models that rely on temperature-independent pore saturation thresholds, as they significantly underestimate corrosion risks in hot climates. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c213a00860be42618c62e39311e270bd |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2214-5095 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Case Studies in Construction Materials |
| spelling | doaj-art-c213a00860be42618c62e39311e270bd2025-02-11T04:34:54ZengElsevierCase Studies in Construction Materials2214-50952025-07-0122e04364Synergistic impact of temperature and pore saturation on corrosion in carbonated reinforced concreteLi Soon Wan0Mayuko Hirata1Toshinori Oyamoto2Tetsushi Kanda3Kang Hai Tan4School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore; Kajima Technical Research Institute Singapore (KaTRIS), Kajima Corporation, SingaporeKajima Technical Research Institute (KaTRI), Kajima Corporation, JapanKajima Technical Research Institute (KaTRI), Kajima Corporation, JapanKajima Technical Research Institute (KaTRI), Kajima Corporation, JapanSchool of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore; Corresponding author.Carbonation-induced corrosion in reinforced concrete (RC) structures significantly threatens their long-term durability, particularly in lower-strength concrete typical of 1960s-1970s buildings in high temperature regions like Singapore. Despite extensive research on individual factors affecting corrosion, the synergistic effects of temperature and pore saturation remain poorly understood in warmer climates. Current durability assessment tends to overestimate the service life of carbonated RC structures in tropical climates due to incomplete understanding of these combined effects. This study investigates the temperature-pore saturation relationship through systematic experimental variation (0–40 °C, 60–100 % pore saturation) using electrochemical and non-destructive measurements, aiming to develop accurate predictive tools for RC maintenance in tropical climates. Results revealed a critical phenomenon: minimum pore saturation threshold for severe corrosion decreases significantly with increasing temperature. For concrete with a water-to-cement ratio of 0.65, severe corrosion occurred at substantially lower pore saturation levels at higher temperatures, with even lower thresholds for more porous concrete. To translate these findings into practical tools, multiple linear regression analysis yielded predictive equations relating temperature and pore saturation effects to corrosion rates. Analysis also revealed that temperature-dependent corrosion kinetics, rather than concrete drying, predominantly drive the corrosion process at higher temperatures, explaining substantial corrosion activity even at lower pore saturation levels. These findings prompt a fundamental reassessment of models that rely on temperature-independent pore saturation thresholds, as they significantly underestimate corrosion risks in hot climates.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214509525001627CarbonationReinforced concreteCorrosionTemperaturePore saturationElectrochemical impedance spectroscopy |
| spellingShingle | Li Soon Wan Mayuko Hirata Toshinori Oyamoto Tetsushi Kanda Kang Hai Tan Synergistic impact of temperature and pore saturation on corrosion in carbonated reinforced concrete Case Studies in Construction Materials Carbonation Reinforced concrete Corrosion Temperature Pore saturation Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy |
| title | Synergistic impact of temperature and pore saturation on corrosion in carbonated reinforced concrete |
| title_full | Synergistic impact of temperature and pore saturation on corrosion in carbonated reinforced concrete |
| title_fullStr | Synergistic impact of temperature and pore saturation on corrosion in carbonated reinforced concrete |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synergistic impact of temperature and pore saturation on corrosion in carbonated reinforced concrete |
| title_short | Synergistic impact of temperature and pore saturation on corrosion in carbonated reinforced concrete |
| title_sort | synergistic impact of temperature and pore saturation on corrosion in carbonated reinforced concrete |
| topic | Carbonation Reinforced concrete Corrosion Temperature Pore saturation Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214509525001627 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT lisoonwan synergisticimpactoftemperatureandporesaturationoncorrosionincarbonatedreinforcedconcrete AT mayukohirata synergisticimpactoftemperatureandporesaturationoncorrosionincarbonatedreinforcedconcrete AT toshinorioyamoto synergisticimpactoftemperatureandporesaturationoncorrosionincarbonatedreinforcedconcrete AT tetsushikanda synergisticimpactoftemperatureandporesaturationoncorrosionincarbonatedreinforcedconcrete AT kanghaitan synergisticimpactoftemperatureandporesaturationoncorrosionincarbonatedreinforcedconcrete |